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[目的]对中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园的生产效率及光照质量进行评价,为该地区矮砧密植苹果园管理提供参考。[方法]测定单株结构参数以及枝(梢)量、枝类组成、覆盖率等果园群体参数,研究冠层光照,调查果实产量和品质。[结果]细长纺锤形果园每667室m2枝量为5.4×104条,果园覆盖率为76%,叶面积指数为1.9,长中短枝比例1∶1∶8,产量3263kg/667m2,一级果率85%,冠层光截获率为58%,优质冠积比例为65%;改良纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为9.3×104条,果园覆盖率为77%,叶面积指数为3.3,长中短枝比例1∶2∶7,产量3931kg/667m2,一级果率85%,冠层光截获率为73%,优质冠积比例为35%。[结论]采用M26中间砧、以细长纺锤形和改良纺锤形整形的中密度栽植模式可为中部地区矮砧密植苹果园的发展提供参考。
[Objective] The research aimed to evaluate the production efficiency and light quality of two kinds of anvil orchards close-planting apple orchards in central China, and provide reference for the management of apple orchards in the area. [Method] The parameter of individual plant and the parameters of orchard population such as branch (shoot) amount, branch composition and coverage rate were measured. The canopy illumination was studied to investigate the fruit yield and quality. [Result] The results showed that there were 5.4 × 104 m2 branches per 667 plant in the elongated spindle orchard, the orchard coverage rate was 76%, the leaf area index was 1.9, the ratio of long, short and short branches was 1: 1: 8 and the yield was 3263kg / 667m2 The fruit rate of 85%, the light intercepting rate of canopy was 58%, and the proportion of high quality crown plot was 65%. The number of branches per 667m2 was 9.3 × 104, the orchard coverage was 77%, leaf area index was 3.3, The ratio of long and short shoots was 1: 2: 7, the yield was 3931kg / 667m2, the first-stage fruit rate was 85%, the canopy light interception rate was 73%, and the high-quality crown area ratio was 35%. [Conclusion] The medium density planting mode with M26 intermediate anvil, slender spindle and improved spindle shaping could provide reference for the development of dwarf anvil plantations in central China.