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美国是世界上科技最发达的国家。自20世纪初以来,美国逐步建立了与市场经济发展相适应的科技奖励机制,科技奖励已成为美国政府鼓励基础研究和引导技术创新的重要手段之一。随着北京市科技体制改革的深入开展,使得目前北京市科技奖励主要针对项目进行的现状需要完善,故对国外的奖励进行前瞻性研究,以期为将来北京市科技奖励制度完善提供参考。因此,本研究以美国青年科学家和工程师总统奖为例,搜集美国总统青年科学家和工程师奖1996年至今发展历史和状况的相关资料,研究该奖励的发展历程、具体运作方法、管理运行方式及奖励授予情况,以期为北京市科技奖励事业提供借鉴。
The United States is the most technologically advanced country in the world. Since the early 20th century, the United States has gradually established a scientific and technological incentive mechanism that is compatible with the development of market economy. Science and technology awards have become one of the important means by which the U.S. government encourages basic research and guides technological innovation. With the deepening reform of science and technology system in Beijing, the current state of science and technology awards in Beijing mainly needs to be improved. Therefore, prospective researches on reward abroad are carried out so as to provide reference for the improvement of Beijing science and technology reward system in the future. Therefore, this study uses the American Young Scientists and Engineers Presidential Award as an example to collect relevant information on the development history and status of the U.S. President's Young Scientists and Engineers Award from 1996 to the present, and to study the development course, specific operation method, management operation mode and reward Grant the case, with a view to Beijing Science and Technology Award to provide reference.