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骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15)属于转移生长因子-β超家族成员,与生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)结构同源且功能类似,故又被称为GDF9B。BMP15蛋白作为一种卵母细胞分泌因子(oocyte-secreted factor,OSF),主要在雌性动物卵母细胞中表达并被分泌到胞外,通过结合到卵母细胞周围颗粒细胞/鞘细胞膜上的特异性受体行使生物学功能。研究表明,BMP15能够以同源二聚体或与GDF9形成异源二聚体的方式参与调节卵泡发育和固醇类激素生成等生理过程。在畜牧生产中,提高家畜的繁殖力具有重要的经济意义,而影响繁殖力的关键因素是家畜的排卵率和产仔数。BMP15已被鉴定为控制绵羊(Ovis aries)排卵数和多胎性状的一个主效基因,但关于BMP15基因对其他家畜繁殖性状的影响的研究报道相对较少。本文总结了BMP15基因的功能以及其在不同物种之间的生物学功能差异,以期为进一步研究其调控功能提供有益的参考。此外,基于基因组编辑技术的飞速发展,本文展望未来可通过对BMP15基因进行精确的遗传修饰,从而培育出具有高繁殖力的家畜新品种。
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), a member of the metastatic growth factor-β superfamily, is structurally homologous and has similar functions to growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), so it is also called GDF9B. The BMP15 protein, an oocyte-secreted factor (OSF), is expressed primarily in female oocytes and secreted extracellularly and binds specifically to the granulosa / sheath cell membrane surrounding the oocyte Sex receptors exercise biological functions. It has been shown that BMP15 is involved in the regulation of follicular development and steroid hormone production, either as homodimers or as heterodimers with GDF9. In livestock production, raising the fertility of livestock has important economic significance, and the key factors that affect fecundity are the ovulation rate and litter size of livestock. BMP15 has been identified as a major gene controlling the number of ovulation and multiple birth traits in Ovis aries, but relatively few studies have reported about the effect of the BMP15 gene on the reproductive traits of other livestock. This article summarizes the function of BMP15 gene and its difference in biological function between different species in order to provide a useful reference for further study of its regulatory function. In addition, based on the rapid development of genomics editing technology, we hope that in the future, a new breed of livestock with high fertility will be cultivated through precise genetic modification of BMP15 gene.