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信息主体对本人信息的自愿披露,可能造成包括隐私损害在内的外部性,而这类问题在由社交网站和大数据技术建构的当代信息环境中,通过间接披露与披露瓦解等机制出现得更加频繁。对于信息隐私规制的发展前景来说,由自愿披露造成的这种“第一方披露外部性”将会进一步打破“选择权模式”与“规制干预模式”之间的僵持。如果制度设计者将保护隐私作为法律规制的侧重点,信息隐私法将不可避免地减少对信息主体选择和控制的依赖,而更多以针对信息收集和使用的实体性干预为内容。这种制度发展前景的社会福利含义是模糊的,其可欲性取决于人们如何看待自愿披露在隐私乃至超出隐私之外的其他后果。这种前景的一个潜在变数是,非正式社会规范或许能为信息隐私法在法律干预之外提供某些替代性规制资源。
Voluntary disclosure of information by the main body of information may lead to externalities including privacy damage. Such problems appear more in the contemporary information environment constructed by social networking websites and big data technologies, through such mechanisms as the collapse of indirect disclosure and disclosure frequently. For the development prospect of information privacy regulation, this kind of “disclosure of externalities ” by voluntary disclosure will further break the stalemate between “option mode ” and “regulatory intervention mode ” . If system designers regard the protection of privacy as the focus of legal regulation, the information privacy law will inevitably reduce the dependence on the choice and control of the information subjects, and more will be based on the substantive interventions for the collection and use of information. The social welfare implications of such a system’s developmental perspective are vague and its desirability depends on how people view voluntary and other consequences of disclosure beyond privacy. A potential variable of this prospect is that informal social norms may provide some alternative regulatory resources for legal privacy under the law.