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米兰.昆德拉的小说《笑忘录》模拟双主题变奏曲形式,从不同角度和层面探讨“遗忘”和“笑”。小说深刻揭示了遗忘作为一个历史学命题,是极权主义借以用来奴役人民的根本方式;作为一个人类学命题,遗忘则是人类死亡的一种形式,与人类的“存在”根本对立。同时,小说以嘲讽的口吻对“天使”的笑和“魔鬼”的笑作了解剖,指出所谓“天使”的笑声乃是极权主义与儿童心态结合的产物,是人的精神状态沉溺于幻想和蒙昧之中的外在表现。而“魔鬼”的笑声则是因为徒劳的抗争和无力的愤怒所导致的一种特殊心态,它被昆德拉命名为“利多斯特”(Litost),是一种自我嘲讽、自我惩罚的施虐—受虐。
Milan Kundera’s novel “Laughing in Memoir” simulates the dual theme variation style and explores “Forgotten ” and “Laugh ” from different angles and levels. As an anthropological proposition, forgetting is a form of human death, which is fundamentally opposed to the “existence” of human beings. As a historical anthropology, forgetthism profoundly reveals that forgetting, as a historical proposition, is the fundamental way by which totalitarianism is used to enslave the people. At the same time, the novel teases the laughter of “Angels” and the laugh of “Devil” in a mocking tone, pointing out that the so-called “angel” laughter is a product of the combination of totalitarianism and children’s mentality, The state of mind indulges in the external manifestations of fantasy and ignorance. And the laughter of “The Devil” was a special mentality caused by the futile protests and the fury of weakness, which was named “Litost” by Kundera and was self-mockery , Self-punishment of abuse - abuse.