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为了研究河豚鱼在冷链流通中的品质变化与货架期,通过不同温度下的贮藏实验研究了河豚鱼的货架期预测模型。将河豚鱼贮藏在273、277和281K条件下,测定了河豚鱼的总菌落数、总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、脂肪氧化(TBA)值和三甲胺值的变化。在Arrhenius动力学方程基础之上,建立了菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、脂肪氧化(TBA)值和三甲胺值与贮藏时间及贮藏温度之间的动力学模型。实验表明一级化学反应动力学模型和Arrhenius方程对菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、脂肪氧化(TBA)值及三甲胺值的变化具有较高的拟合精度。各项指标(菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、TBA值以及三甲胺)变化预测模型中的活化能(EA)及速率常数(k0)分别为:21.10kJ/mol和1.059×103,76.58kJ/mol和2.888×1013,6.59kJ/mol和4.012,18.35kJ/mol和1.393×103。结果表明:河豚鱼的总菌落数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、脂肪氧化(TBA)值及三甲胺值随着贮藏时间的延长而增加,且随着贮藏温度的升高而迅速增加。该实验建立的河豚鱼货架期预测模型所获得货架期预测值准确率达到±10%以内,可根据菌落总数和TVB-N值在273～281K范围内,对河豚鱼的剩余货架期进行预测。
In order to study the quality change and shelf life of puffer fish in cold chain circulation, the shelf life prediction model of puffer fish was studied through storage experiments at different temperatures. The puffer fish were stored at 273, 277 and 281K, and the changes of total colony number, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), fat oxidation (TBA) and trimethylamine of puffer fish were measured. Based on the Arrhenius kinetic equation, kinetic models were established for the total number of colonies, volatile basic nitrogen, fatty acid oxidation (TBA) and trimethylamine values, storage time and storage temperature. Experiments show that the first-order chemical reaction kinetics model and the Arrhenius equation have high fitting accuracy to the changes of the total number of colonies, TVB-N, TBA and trimethylamine values. The activation energy (EA) and the rate constant (k0) in the predictive models of the total number of colonies, volatile basic nitrogen, TBA and trimethylamine were 21.10 kJ / mol and 1.059 × 103, 76.58 kJ / mol and 2.888 × 1013, 6.59 kJ / mol and 4.012, 18.35 kJ / mol and 1.393 × 103, respectively. The results showed that the total number of colonies, TVB-N, TBA and trimethylamine values of puffer fish increased with the storage time, and rapidly increased with the storage temperature increase. The accuracy of the predicted shelf life of puffer fish shelf life prediction model established by this experiment was within ± 10%. The remaining shelf life of puffer fish could be predicted according to the total number of colonies and TVB-N value in the range of 273-281K.