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负压采油技术是采油工程中用以增加产量的一种有效手段；负压采油的实质是采用一定的技术措施在泵入口处造成水击，即在充满液体的管道系统进行快速泄压，当压力急剧下降时，在短时间内可以在泵入口处形成负压。在负压采油过程中，如何计算瞬间形成的负压值的大小，是分析、评价负压采油效果和进行产能预测的理论依据，也是采油工作者急待解决的问题之一。本文利用流体力学的基本原理，从负压采油的实际出发，给出了负压采油过程所遵循的基本方程，并对其进行求解，推导出了负压采油过程中泵吸入口处压差的理论计算公式。结合辽河油田某井的生产实际，得出了瞬间在泵吸入口处形成的负压，其计算结果可以指导现场负压采油方案设计和产能预测。
Negative pressure oil production technology is an effective measure to increase production in oil production engineering. The essence of negative pressure oil production is to adopt some technical measures to cause water hammer at the pump inlet, that is to say, to quickly relieve pressure in a liquid filled pipe system when When the pressure drops sharply, a negative pressure can be formed at the pump inlet in a short time. In the process of negative pressure oil production, how to calculate the negative pressure value instantly formed is the theoretical basis for analyzing and evaluating the effect of negative pressure oil production and capacity prediction, and is also one of the problems to be solved urgently by oil recovery workers. In this paper, based on the basic principle of fluid mechanics, based on the actual situation of vacuum oil recovery, the basic equation followed by negative pressure recovery is given and solved. The pressure difference at the inlet of pump at negative pressure is deduced Theoretical calculation formula. Combined with the actual production of a well in Liaohe Oilfield, the negative pressure formed at the suction inlet of the pump at an instant is obtained. The calculation result can guide the design of negative pressure oil recovery project and the production capacity prediction.