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【摘要】 目的:研究拔除下颌第三磨牙的手术难度与术后疼痛、张口受限的关系。方法:选取需要拔除下颌第三磨牙的患者244例,按照手术难度,将手术方式分为4级:Ⅰ级,直接牙钳、牙挺拔除;Ⅱ级,切割牙冠后挺松拔除;Ⅲ级,需翻瓣、去骨、切割牙冠后拔除;Ⅳ级,需要翻瓣、去骨、切割冠、分根等复杂操作。记录手术时间,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)记录术后6 d每天的疼痛程度及最大开口度(MID)。结果:拔牙后0~6 d,Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级手术患者每天的疼痛VAS值均高于Ⅰ级手术,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);拔牙后0~5 d,Ⅱ级手术患者每天的VAS值高于Ⅰ级手术,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6 d,Ⅰ级手术患者的MID最大,与术前比较变化不大,但与其他组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级手术患者的MID术后3 d显著下降;Ⅰ级手术患者术后24 h内需要服用止痛药的例数低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级。结论:下颌第三磨牙拔除术,手术越困难复杂,拔牙时间越长,术后的疼痛及张口受限越严重。
【关键词】 阻生牙; 拔除术; 疼痛; 张口受限
【Abstract】 Objective: To investigate the influence of surgical difficulty on postoperative pain and trismus after extraction of mandibular third molars.Method: A prospective study was performed of 244 patients who underwent mandibular third molar extractions. For evaluation of surgical difficulty, a 4-class scale was completed after surgery: I: extraction with forceps and elevator; II: extraction requiring coronal section; III: extraction requiring flap operation, osteotomy and coronal section; IV: complex extraction (root section). the operation time was record, postoperative 6 d, the level of pain was record every day by the method of visual analogue scale (VAS), and the MID was record too.Result: Mean pain evaluation was significantly higher in difficulty class Ⅲ and IV than in difficulty class I on days 0 to 6 inclusive (P<0.05), and significantly higher in class II than class I on days 0 to5 inclusive(P<0.05). MID on day 0 to 6 in the class I was the biggest, there was no significantly difference compared with preoperative, but the differences were significantly compared with other classes (P<0.05). MID of class II, III, IV were significantly decreased after 3 days. Patients need a painkiller in classⅠwithin 24 h after surgery were lower than that of classⅡ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ. Conclusion: Mandibular third molar removal surgery, surgery more difficult and complex, tooth, the longer the more serious the postoperative pain and limited mouth opening.
【Key words】 Impacted tooth; Extraction; Pain; Trismus
下颌第三阻生磨牙拔除术后常常出现疼痛、出血、张口受限,甚至下唇麻木等并发症[1]。引起术后疼痛及肿胀的因素包括:年龄、性别、冠周炎病史等[2],其中手术难度与术后并发症的产生最为相关[3]。研究引起术后疼痛和肿胀的原因,可以指导临床用药,制定个体化的镇痛方案。本研究中,笔者对244例需要拔除下颌第三磨牙的患者进行术前评估和术后回访,探讨阻生牙拔除的手术方式与术后疼痛、张口受限的关系,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2011年5月-2013年5月在本院就诊需拔除下颌第三磨牙的患者244例,纳入标准:(1)全身状况良好;(2)对疼痛具有完全判断能力;(3)1周内未使用麻醉类药物或酒精。排除标准:(1)有药物过敏史;(2)有心脑血管疾病;(3)哺乳期、妊娠期妇女。244例患者中男127例,女117例,年龄18~52岁,平均25.2岁,按照手术难度级别分为4级,各级患者的年龄、性别比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1,由同一位医生进行拔牙手术。所有患者术前签署知情同意书。
【关键词】 阻生牙; 拔除术; 疼痛; 张口受限
【Abstract】 Objective: To investigate the influence of surgical difficulty on postoperative pain and trismus after extraction of mandibular third molars.Method: A prospective study was performed of 244 patients who underwent mandibular third molar extractions. For evaluation of surgical difficulty, a 4-class scale was completed after surgery: I: extraction with forceps and elevator; II: extraction requiring coronal section; III: extraction requiring flap operation, osteotomy and coronal section; IV: complex extraction (root section). the operation time was record, postoperative 6 d, the level of pain was record every day by the method of visual analogue scale (VAS), and the MID was record too.Result: Mean pain evaluation was significantly higher in difficulty class Ⅲ and IV than in difficulty class I on days 0 to 6 inclusive (P<0.05), and significantly higher in class II than class I on days 0 to5 inclusive(P<0.05). MID on day 0 to 6 in the class I was the biggest, there was no significantly difference compared with preoperative, but the differences were significantly compared with other classes (P<0.05). MID of class II, III, IV were significantly decreased after 3 days. Patients need a painkiller in classⅠwithin 24 h after surgery were lower than that of classⅡ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ. Conclusion: Mandibular third molar removal surgery, surgery more difficult and complex, tooth, the longer the more serious the postoperative pain and limited mouth opening.
【Key words】 Impacted tooth; Extraction; Pain; Trismus
下颌第三阻生磨牙拔除术后常常出现疼痛、出血、张口受限,甚至下唇麻木等并发症[1]。引起术后疼痛及肿胀的因素包括:年龄、性别、冠周炎病史等[2],其中手术难度与术后并发症的产生最为相关[3]。研究引起术后疼痛和肿胀的原因,可以指导临床用药,制定个体化的镇痛方案。本研究中,笔者对244例需要拔除下颌第三磨牙的患者进行术前评估和术后回访,探讨阻生牙拔除的手术方式与术后疼痛、张口受限的关系,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2011年5月-2013年5月在本院就诊需拔除下颌第三磨牙的患者244例,纳入标准:(1)全身状况良好;(2)对疼痛具有完全判断能力;(3)1周内未使用麻醉类药物或酒精。排除标准:(1)有药物过敏史;(2)有心脑血管疾病;(3)哺乳期、妊娠期妇女。244例患者中男127例,女117例,年龄18~52岁,平均25.2岁,按照手术难度级别分为4级,各级患者的年龄、性别比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1,由同一位医生进行拔牙手术。所有患者术前签署知情同意书。