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20世纪80年代,面对所谓的侵权法学的危机,日本开始反思其现有的救济制度,尤其是侵权行为制度的问题。在这样的背景下,学者们提出了许多综合性的救济方案,其中影响力最大的莫过于加藤雅信教授提出的综合救济体系论,即建立“综合救济体系基金”对遭受人身损害的被害者进行补偿,从而取代目前的以侵权行为制度为中心的人身损害救济制度。但是由于这项制度本身存在许多尚需解决的问题,在学界并没有得到普遍的支持。与此相关的是,在个别领域,比如大气污染受害救济中,学界提出了更为具体可行的方案。最后,在指出综合救济的课题之后,本文认为综合救济体系急需解决的根本性问题是如何看待侵权行为制度与综合救济制度之间的关系。
In the 1980s, in the face of the so-called crisis of tort law, Japan began to reflect on its existing relief system, especially the system of tort. In this context, scholars have put forward many comprehensive relief programs, of which the most influential one is the comprehensive relief system put forward by Professor Kato Yasin, that is, the establishment of the “Integrated Relief Fund” to protect victims of personal injury To replace the current system of bodily injury relief centered on tort system. However, due to the system itself there are many problems to be solved, in the academic community did not receive universal support. Related to this, in some areas, such as air pollution victims relief, academics have put forward more specific and feasible solutions. Finally, after pointing out the issue of comprehensive remedies, the article argues that the fundamental problem urgently needed to be solved by the integrated relief system is how to treat the relationship between tort system and comprehensive remedy system.