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醣、蛋白质和脂肪的中間代謝产物丙酮酸的分解和醣的有氧代謝(三羧酸循环)必須有輔羧酶(Cocarloxylase)存在。輔羧酶的主要构成(活性基)是在肝、腎、白血球等組織內由一分子硫胺素(維生素乙_1,以下簡写为VB_1)和两分子磷酸縮合形成的焦磷酸硫胺素。人体本身不能制造VB_1,貯存能力也很低,必需依靠体外摄入。VB_1在物质代謝特別是在醣代謝中占有不可缺少、不可替代的地位。在VB_1不敷丙酮酸分解需要时,血中丙酮酸含量上升,丙酮酸蓄积对于生活細胞特別是神經細胞有毒性。不少学者认为由缺乏VB_1引起的中枢神經系统症状如痙攣、麻痺和精神不安是丙酮酸毒性表現。动物实驗中,以缺乏VB_1的食物飼养的鸽其脑干和脊髓細胞均有空泡状退行性变。解剖脚气病死亡病人可見脑及脊髓充血、水肿和变性,周围
The decomposition of pyruvate, an intermediate metabolite of sugar, protein and fat, and aerobic metabolism of sugar (tricarboxylic acid cycle) must be present in the presence of a Cocaroxylase. The main component of the carboxylase (active group) is in the liver, kidney, white blood cells and other organizations from the molecular thiamine (vitamin B 1, hereinafter abbreviated as VB_1) and two molecules of phosphoric acid condensation of thiamine pyrophosphate . The body itself can not make VB_1, storage capacity is very low, must rely on in vitro intake. VB_1 plays an indispensable and irreplaceable role in material metabolism, especially in sugar metabolism. When VB_1 is insufficient for pyruvate decomposition, pyruvate levels in the blood rise, and pyruvate accumulation is toxic to living cells, especially nerve cells. Many scholars believe that the central nervous system symptoms caused by the lack of VB_1 such as spasticity, paralysis and mental uneasiness are pyruvate toxic manifestations. In animal experiments, the pigeons and spinal cord cells of pigeons raised in foods lacking VB_1 had vacuolar degeneration. Anatomy of beriberi patients showed brain and spinal cord congestion, edema and degeneration around the patient