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築城是冷兵器時代人類活動的一項重要内容,伴隨中國古代築城歷史的發展,中國古人對築城的認識和道德評價也構成一種中國文化現象,是傳統德治文化的體現之一。通過梳理《易》、《尚書》、《禮記》、《春秋》等對築城之事的態度,以及後世學者在此基礎上的闡發,本文從城池緣起、築城者、築城的作用與必要、對具體築城的評判標準等幾個方面對中國古代築城的道德評價進行了概要論述:先賢認爲興修城郭溝池是源於人與“大道”相背;聖賢之人善用險要,須守之以道;獨夫作威作福,雖設險而不能爲己所用;爲官者只有以身任責,不避嫌怨,才可成就築城的工程。築城有承載文明,限隔社會等級,防禦來犯之敵的作用;古人以是否重農時、重民力、重民心等爲標準,來衡量一座城池興建是否合情理。
Building the city is an important part of the human activities in the era of cold weapon. With the development of the history of Chinese ancient city, the knowledge and moral evaluation made by the ancient Chinese people to build the city also constitute a kind of Chinese cultural phenomenon and one of the manifestations of the traditional culture of virtue. By combing the attitude towards the fortification of the city, such as Yi, Shangshu, Book of Rites and Spring and Autumn Annals, and the elucidation by later scholars on this basis, this paper analyzes the role and necessity of fortifying the city and building the city from its origins, The concrete evaluation of the fortification of the city and other aspects of several aspects of China’s ancient city built on the moral evaluation of a summary discussion: the sages think Xingguo city gully is derived from people with the “Boulevard” opposite; To Tao; Dove Fu Zuofu Fu, although dangerous and can not be used for their own purposes; only by the official responsibility, not to avoid grudges in order to achieve the fortification of the project. The city has the bearing of civilization, limited to the social hierarchy, the defense against the enemy’s role; the ancients to whether the time, heavy militia, heavy public as the standard, to measure the construction of a city is reasonable.