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热力学温度是客观世界真实的温度,是制定国际温标的基础。本文针对目前热力学温度测量技术相对滞后于物理学发展、测量周期长和难以实用化的现状,结合量子力学的从头算理论和双圆柱微波谐振方法测量了313 K附近的热力学温度,测量得到的热力学温度值和ITS90国际温标的温度之间的差异为2.40 mK,测量的相对标准不确定度为14×10~(-6)。进一步分析了测量不确定的来源,预期在300～400K测量热力学温度的相对标准不确定度能达到5×10~(-6)。
Thermodynamic temperature is the true temperature of the objective world, is to develop a basis for international temperature scale. In this paper, in view of the present thermodynamic temperature measurement technology is lagging behind the development of physics, the measurement cycle is long and difficult to practical status, combined with ab initio calculus theory and double cylindrical microwave resonance method to measure the thermodynamic temperature near 313 K, the measured thermodynamics The difference between the temperature and the ITS90 international temperature scale is 2.40 mK, and the relative standard uncertainty of the measurement is 14 × 10 -6. The sources of uncertainty are further analyzed. It is expected that the relative standard uncertainty of thermodynamic temperature at 300 ~ 400K can reach 5 × 10 ~ (-6).