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目的了解北京市海淀区汽车修理行业的基本情况,调查喷漆岗位存在的职业病危害因素种类。方法通过现场调查了解20家汽修企业喷漆作业职业病危害因素接触情况,收集化学品安全数据表(MSDS)及企业2012—2014年检测报告等资料。结果随机抽取的8家4 S店及12家修理厂,4S店油漆年用量及每日累计接害时间均远高于修理厂(P<0.05);定性分析共检出13种有害因素;70.0%的企业能够提供比较完善的MSDS,共涉及105种化学品成分,其中《工作场所职业病危害因素接触限值》中涉及13种,所有企业共同存在的化学物质为二甲苯、乙酸丁酯,50%以上企业存在的化学物质为甲苯、乙苯;对企业2012—2014年检测报告调查发现,4S店检测率为54.2%,汽修厂检测率为30.6%,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);4S店苯的时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)高于汽修厂,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余项目差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论喷漆岗位存在的职业病危害因素种类远比我们日常检测的项目要多,应加强企业的职业病危害的监督和管理工作。
Objective To understand the basic situation of automobile repair industry in Haidian District, Beijing, and to investigate the types of occupational hazards that exist in paint spraying jobs. Methods To understand the occupational hazards exposure of 20 auto repair enterprises through on-the-spot investigation, and collect the MSDS and the report of 2012-2014 test. Results The annual amount of paint and cumulative daily take-up time of 8 4S stores and 12 repair shops and 4S shops were significantly higher than that of the repair shop (P <0.05). Thirteen kinds of harmful factors were detected by qualitative analysis. 70.0 % Of companies can provide a relatively complete MSDS, involving a total of 105 kinds of chemical composition, including “workplace occupational hazard factors involved in the limits of” 13, all companies co-exist chemicals are xylene, butyl acetate, 50 The chemical substances present in more than one percent of enterprises are toluene and ethylbenzene. According to the investigation reports of the enterprises in 2012-2014, the detection rate of 4S shops is 54.2% and the inspection rate of automobile factory is 30.6%, with a significant difference (P> 0.05 ). The time-weighted average concentration of benzene in 4S shop was higher than that of auto repair shop (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in other items (P> 0.05). Conclusion There are far more types of occupational hazards in the painting job than those we routinely test. Supervision and management of occupational hazards should be strengthened.