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目的了解和分析狂犬病流行的原因,为制订防控措施提供依据。方法收集全市1997～2006年狂犬病相关资料,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果(1)流行特征:10年中全市发生狂犬病415例,分布在辖区各县市;潜伏期最短为4天,最长66年;男性多于女性,比例为2:1;20岁以下少年和60岁以上老人发病占总病人数的60.72%;职业分布以农民为主占63.13%,学生占19.52%,学龄前儿童占13.98%,三者占发病总数的96.62%。(2)伤口处理及疫苗接种情况:狂犬病人有66.5%未作过伤口处理,有74.22%未接种过人用狂犬疫苗。(3)伤人动物以狗为主,占94.94%。(4)犬密度及其带病毒情况:犬密度较大,通常每100人口有4～5只,最多的地方每100人有犬达13只,健康犬带毒率高达13.20%～15.15%。结论造成狂犬病流行的原因是多方面的,控制狂犬病要有针对性落实综合性措施,必须地方政府协调,部门联动,社会人群参与。
Objective To understand and analyze the causes of the rabies epidemic and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods Rabies related data collected from 1997 to 2006 in the whole city were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results (1) Epidemic characteristics: 415 cases of rabies occurred in the city in 10 years, distributed in all counties and cities; the shortest incubation period of 4 days, a maximum of 66 years; more men than women, the ratio of 2: 1; The incidence of the elderly over the age of 60 accounted for 60.72% of the total number of patients; occupational distribution mainly farmers accounted for 63.13%, 19.52% of students, preschool children accounted for 13.98%, the three accounted for 96.62% of the total number of cases. (2) Wound treatment and vaccination situation: 66.5% rabies patients have not been wounds, 74.22% have not been vaccinated rabies vaccines. (3) The animals were predominantly dogs, accounting for 94.94%. (4) Canine density and its associated virus: Canine density is relatively high, usually 4 to 5 per 100 population, with up to 13 dogs per 100 inhabitants and up to 13.20% to 15.15% in healthy dogs. Conclusions The causes of rabies epidemic are many. The control of rabies should be targeted to implement comprehensive measures, and must be coordinated by local governments, departmental linkage and social participation.