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所谓伏安特性曲线,是指通过一个元件的电流随外加电压的变化关系曲线．对电阻固定的导体,电流跟电压成正比,伏安特性曲线是一条过原点的倾斜的直线,但实际上,由于各种材料的电阻率都随温度的升高而增大,如灯泡中的灯丝,随着流过灯泡的电流增大,灯丝温度将升高,灯丝的电阻率增大,导致灯泡电阻增大,所以小灯泡的伏安特性曲线不是直线,而是一条曲线,这就是所谓的非线性电路,非线性电路包括含二极管电路和白炽电灯电路,由于这类元件的伏安特性不再是线性的,所以欧姆定律及电路的特点一般也不能再直接使用,故求解这类问题难度较大。
The so-called volt-ampere characteristic curve, refers to the current through an element with the applied voltage curve. For conductors with a fixed resistance, the current is proportional to the voltage and the volt-ampere characteristic is an oblique line that passes through the origin. In practice, however, as the resistivity of various materials increases with increasing temperature, Filament, with the current flowing through the bulb increases, the filament temperature will increase, the filament resistivity increases, resulting in increased bulb resistance, so the bulb’s volt-ampere characteristic curve is not a straight line, but a curve, which is the so-called Non-linear circuit, including diode circuit and incandescent lamp circuit, the volt-ampere characteristics of such components is no longer linear, so Ohm’s law and the characteristics of the circuit can not generally be used directly, so solve these problems More difficult.