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目的 探讨将维生素Ａ缺乏（ＶＡＤ）胎鼠作为先天性心脏病动物模型的可行性。方法取１１－１９ｄ不同胎龄正常及ＶＡＤ胎鼠心脏经石蜡包埋、切片及 ＨＥ染色观察其发育情况。结果 １．实验组饲料含维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）７μｇ／１００ｇ，经ＶＡＤ饮食喂养后实验组大鼠血清ＶＡ水平明显低于对照组［（０．１６８±０．０５９）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｖｓ（２．１８±０．２３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｔ＝３２．８８， Ｐ＜０．００１］。 ２．大鼠死亡百分比：饲养于屏障系统的ＶＡＤ大鼠死亡百分比较饲养于开放系统中的要低４．６倍（１０％ Ｖｓ ４５．８３％．ｘ ２＝１６．６４， Ｐ＜０．００１），对照组为０。 ３．实验组大鼠受孕百分比及每只孕鼠产仔数均低于对照组［５８．３３％ Ｖｓ ８１．５％， ｘ ２＝４．３７，Ｐ＜０．０５：（６．９７±２．７９） Ｖｓ（１３ ±１．０５），ｔ＝７．１６， Ｐ＜０．００１］。 ４．经切片观察１１～１５ ｄ胎龄胎鼠实验组心脏出现明显发育延迟的占３６．６７％， １６～１９ ｄ胎龄胎鼠实验组心脏畸形占４１．４３％，血管异常占１８．５７％。结论ＶＡＤ胎鼠可用来作为先天性心脏病动物模型，但需改进饲养环境以减少异常死亡。
Objective To investigate the feasibility of using vitamin A deficiency (VAD) fetus as an animal model of congenital heart disease. Methods The hearts of normal and VAD fetuses with different gestational age from 11 to 19 days were embedded in paraffin, sliced and stained with HE for the observation of their development. Results 1. The experimental group fed with vitamin A (VA) 7μg / 100g, the serum VA level in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(0.168 ± 0.059) μmol / L Vs (2.18 ± 0 .23) μmol / L, t = 32.88, P <0.001]. 2. Percentage of rat deaths: The percentage of death from VAD rats fed to the barrier system was 4.6 times lower (10% Vs 45.83% .x2 = 16.64, P <0.001) than that in open system , The control group is 0. 3. The percentage of conception and litter size of each pregnant rat in experimental group were lower than that in control group [58.33% vs 81.5%, x 2 = 4.37, P <0.05: (6.97 ± 2. 79) Vs (13 ± 1.05), t = 7.16, P <0.001]. 4. Observe the 11 ~ 15 d gestational age fetal heart showed significant delayed development of the experimental group of 36.67% of the heart, 16 ~ 19 d gestational age fetal heart malformation test group accounted for 41.43%, vascular abnormalities accounted for 18.57% . Conclusions VAD fetus can be used as an animal model of congenital heart disease, but the feeding environment needs to be improved to reduce the abnormal death.