论文部分内容阅读
细菌耐药性是目前各领域使用抗生素面临的一个严峻的问题，也是一项紧迫的全球公共卫生难题。候鸟携带的耐药菌及耐药基因不仅与临床用抗生素相关，农药、兽药的使用以及药厂周围环境的污染也为主要原因。近年来，有关候鸟体内携带耐药基因的研究逐渐在全球各地报道。候鸟具有活动范围大、飞行距离远等特点导致候鸟中细菌耐药的复杂性。此外，受环境和人类活动的影响，细菌中携带的耐药基因通过可移动元件在人类、家畜、环境和候鸟之间形成物种间传播，但是候鸟相关的耐药问题常常被我们所忽视。本文总结当前各地候鸟携带耐药菌抗生素耐药情况、所携带的耐药基因情况以及候鸟耐药与环境和人类活动之间的关系。目前研究显示多种类型的候鸟体内都携带耐药菌，主要为大肠杆菌。候鸟体内的耐药菌已呈现出多重耐药性，并将含有的耐药基因随迁徙活动以及人为因素等影响传播到各地。因此，有必要监测候鸟的相关耐药问题。本文为探究候鸟作为宿主和载体在抗生素耐药性全球传播中的作用提供了理论依据。“,”Bacterial resistance is a serious problem in use of antibiotics and an urgent global public health challenge. The drug-resistant bacteria and drug-resistant genes carried by migratory birds are not only related to clinical antibiotics, but also the use of pesticides and veterinary drugs as well as the pollution of the surrounding environment of drug factories. However, studies on drug-resistant genes carried in migratory birds have been gradually reported around the world. Migratory birds have the characteristics of large range of movement and long flight distance, which leads to the complexity of bacterial resistance. Under the influence of environment and human activities, drug-resistant genes carried in bacteria are transmitted among species,human beings, domestic animals, environment and wild birds through mobile elements. This study summarizes the current situation of antibiotic resistance bacteria carried by migratory birds,the status of drug-resistant genes in migratory birds and the relationship between the resistance of migratory birds and the environment and human activities. The aim is to better understand the important role of migratory birds as hosts and vectors in the global spread of antibiotic resistance.