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最近几年,随着乙醇需要量的不断增长,以及合成气制备甲醇工业化方法的实现,对甲醇的同系化反应合成乙醇的研究越来越多.该技术的开发成功将可能取代乙烯水合生产乙醇,也是利用甲醇的途径之一.甲醇同系化反应主要是用钴催化剂在均相体系中进行.单纯用钴化合物催化剂的效果并不理想,反应速度慢,乙醇的选择性比较低.为了提高催化剂活性和选择性,采用了各种钴化合物,并在钴催化剂中加入碘或碘化物作助催化剂.美国联合碳化物公司采用CO(OAc)-I_2催化剂体系,获得了甲醇转化率92％和乙醇选择性61.4％的结果.但该法反应步骤多,反应产物复杂,可多达二十余种,尽管近年来在这方面有了很大的改进,但是副产物品种复杂仍是该法的一个严重缺点.
In recent years, with the increasing demand of ethanol and the industrialization of methanol production in syngas, more and more researches have been devoted to the synthesis of ethanol by the homologation reaction of methanol.The successful development of this technology will replace the production of ethanol by hydration of ethylene , Is also one of the ways to use methanol.Methanol homologation reaction is mainly carried out in a homogeneous system with cobalt catalyst.Only the effect of cobalt compound catalyst is not ideal, the reaction speed is slow, the selectivity of ethanol is relatively low.In order to improve the catalyst Activity and selectivity, using a variety of cobalt compounds, and in the cobalt catalyst by adding iodine or iodide as co-catalyst.United States Union Carbide CO (OAc) -I_2 catalyst system, methanol conversion was 92% and ethanol Selectivity of 61.4% of the results.But this method reaction steps, the reaction product is complex, up to more than 20 species, in recent years in this area has been greatly improved, but the variety of by-products is still a Serious shortcomings.