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为评估不同投喂模式对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)蟹种质量的影响,采用养殖实验、非特异性免疫指标分析和攻毒实验方法,比较了配合饲料、传统饵料和混合投喂模式培育扣蟹在成蟹养殖早期的养殖性能、免疫性能和攻毒后死亡率的变化。所检测的非特异性免疫指标包括碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)及血蓝蛋白(Hc)活性或含量。采用毒力较强的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophilia)Y-2-L-1菌株进行攻毒实验。结果显示:(1)无论雄蟹还是雌蟹,配合饲料组第一次蜕壳间期均短于传统投喂和混合投喂模式,且配合饲料组增重率(WGR)及体重特定增长率(SGR)均显著高于另外两组(P<0.05);(2)就肝胰腺中非特异性免疫指标而言,无论雄蟹还是雌蟹,配合饲料组γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均高于另外两组,其中γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)差异显著;传统投喂组酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)和过氧化物酶(POD)含量均高于另外两组,其中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和一氧化氮(NO)含量差异显著;(3)就血清中各免疫指标而言,配合饲料组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性高于另外两组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),传统投喂组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、丙二醛(MDA)及血蓝蛋白(Hc)等指标含量均高于另外两组,其中丙二醛(MDA)差异显著;(4)无论雄蟹还是雌蟹,传统投喂组扣蟹攻毒后12~96 h的累计死亡率一直高于配合饲料组和混合投喂组,配合饲料组和混合投喂组雄体攻毒后的累计死亡率接近,混合投喂组雌体累计死亡率居于传统投喂组和配合饲料组之间。综上,投喂配合饲料可以提高扣蟹在成蟹早期的养殖性能、免疫性能和攻毒后的成活率,有利于提高蟹种质量。
In order to evaluate the effects of different feeding modes on the quality of crabs from Eriocheir sinensis, culture experiments, non-specific immune index analysis and challenge experiments were used to compare the effects of compound diets, traditional diets and mixed feeding mode Crab breeding in early crab farming performance, immune performance and mortality changes after challenge. The detected non-specific immune indicators include alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD, POD, MDA, NO, GSH-Px), glutathione Glycopeptide reductase (GR) and hemocyanin (Hc) activity or content. The virulent strains of Aeromonas hydrophilia Y-2-L-1 were used for challenge experiments. The results showed that: (1) The first interpharmacological interval in the compound diets was shorter than that in the conventional diets and mixed diets, no matter the male or female crabs. The rate of weight gain (WGR) and weight specific growth (SGR) were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P <0.05). (2) For the non-specific immune indexes of hepatopancreas, both γ-glutamyl transferase (γ- GT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were higher than the other two groups, of which γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) significant difference; The contents of ACP, MDA, NO and POD were higher than those in the other two groups, including the contents of acid phosphatase (ACP) and nitric oxide (NO) (3) The GSH-Px and T-AOC activities in the feedstuff group were higher than those in the other two groups, but the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). The content of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hemocyanin (Hc) in traditional feeding group were higher than the other two groups , Among which malondialdehyde (MDA) showed significant difference; (4) both male and female Or female crab, the cumulative mortality of 12 ~ 96 h after the traditional feeding group was consistently higher than that of the compound feed group and the mixed feeding group, the compound diets group and the mixed feeding group Nearly, the cumulative fatality rate in the mixed feeding group was between the traditional feeding group and the compounding feed group. In summary, feeding compound feed can improve the early crab breeding crabs in the breeding performance, immune performance and survival rate after challenge, help to improve the quality of crab.