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自2014年起的連续四年,江苏高考英语的书面表达题均采用了提供文字材料(有时也结合数据图表)的形式来呈现话题,要求考生以约30个单词来概括文字(和图表)的内容,并根据写作要求对该话题进行分析评判,来完成一篇约150个词的短文。不难发现,这些话题写作完全是开放式的,要求学生能了解和熟悉社会热点话题,能用辩证的逻辑思维去生成自己的观点,还要能掌握很多跟这些热点话题相关的词汇短语把个人观点表达清楚。要想在考场上完成一篇出色的英语作文,以上三点缺一不可。
以2018届南京市高三期初模拟考试英语卷上的书面表达题为例。本文材料是南京留美学生蔡语婧在毕业演讲中分享了自己6 年来包容多元文化,融入同学群体的经历。我从“审题”、“Summary”、“全文成篇”三个环节着眼对学生进行指导,搜集和补充了可用观点和备用语料供学生模仿记忆,还强调了本话题的特别易错点,最后附上了教师本人按照该思路亲自写的范文。
以下是我就该话题对学生作文指导的流程。
一、细致审题,明确要点。写作内容包括两点:接纳和包容的重要性以及如何做到接纳和包容。第二点中明确要求“结合实例”,所以一定要设计一个恰当的事例。
二、理解材料,写好Summary。可分为四个步骤来进行,提取topic→划分意群→取舍信息→组织语言。
第一步抓取关键词:embracing diversity,即本文的topic。
第二步划分意群:
A Chinese girl Cai Yujing delivered a wonderful speech on her graduation ceremony in the USA.
She talked about her hometown and family members as well as how she adapted to the new environment by embracing diversity.
Her speech has won a lot of praise online.
第三步取舍信息:意群②中关于家乡与亲人的介绍显然与写作要求无关,果断省略。
第四步组织语言:
平时多积累词汇短语,多做paraphrase练习。
筛选相关信息→用逻辑连词连接分句→用从句将并列句变为复合句→用非谓语动词代替从句。
三、最为关键的全文成篇的可分解为五个步骤:篇章结构→设计中心句→设计论点→选择词汇和短语→设计亮点句型。
第一步设计篇章结构:
Para1(开头—确立观点):Summary。
Para2(正文—论述证明):接纳与包容的重要性。
Para3(结尾—实例和建议):接纳与包容曾经帮助我走出了困境;在新环境中我们应该如何做到接纳与包容。
第二步设计中心句:
Para2:Whenever we enter a new environment, we must attach great importance to acceptance and tolerance.
Para3:Acceptance and tolerance once helped me fit into a new environment when I…
第三步生成观点。
接纳和包容的重要性可按以下两种思路来分析:一是提出至少两点对个人发展的益处;二也可以分对个人、对集体及对社会的益处三个方面来分析。按照题目中提供的材料,显然第一种思路更符合本话题,不必提及包容对集体或社会的好处。关于包容的好处可用观点有:①结交新朋友;②学习新的知识,体验新的文化风俗;③清除负面情绪,有益身心健康;④融入新的集体;⑤建立和谐的集体氛围,等等。关于如何做到接纳与包容可用观点有:①鼓起勇气;②打开心扉;③主动与他人交际;④积极参与集体活动。论点的设计一要合情合理,二要保证自己能够用英语表达出来。
第四步完篇。
在选择高级的词汇短语的同时要尽量避免错误,否则宁可用简单的词汇短语。
备用语料:
接纳与包容:acceptance and tolerance;
陌生环境:a new/ strange environment; an unfamiliar/ alien environment;
重视:attach importance to; lay emphasis on;
消除负面情绪,有益身心健康:rid us of negative feelings and benefit our mental and physical health;
第五步安插亮点句型。
如倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气、三大从句、非谓语动词等。
参考范文:
Cai yujing, a Chinese girl studying in America, delivered a brilliant graduation speech, focusing on how she had embraced diversity in a multicultural environment, which has won widespread praise online.
As we move forward on our life journey, we frequently enter totally strange environments when we move to a new neighborhood, transfer to another school or change our jobs. Under such circumstances, tolerance and acceptance are of extreme importance. For one thing, without them we might well lose our courage and withdraw from the new environment. For another thing, it’s tolerance and acceptance that help us open up our minds and absorb brand new knowledge and experience.
When I entered this high school, I was filled with nervousness and confusion. However, I gathered my courage to approach my new classmates and teachers. Gradually, I made friends with most of them and adapted to the new surroundings. Moreover, I’ve learned to compromise when contradiction arises. In conclusion, only with acceptance and tolerance can we adjust to a new environment.
以2018届南京市高三期初模拟考试英语卷上的书面表达题为例。本文材料是南京留美学生蔡语婧在毕业演讲中分享了自己6 年来包容多元文化,融入同学群体的经历。我从“审题”、“Summary”、“全文成篇”三个环节着眼对学生进行指导,搜集和补充了可用观点和备用语料供学生模仿记忆,还强调了本话题的特别易错点,最后附上了教师本人按照该思路亲自写的范文。
以下是我就该话题对学生作文指导的流程。
一、细致审题,明确要点。写作内容包括两点:接纳和包容的重要性以及如何做到接纳和包容。第二点中明确要求“结合实例”,所以一定要设计一个恰当的事例。
二、理解材料,写好Summary。可分为四个步骤来进行,提取topic→划分意群→取舍信息→组织语言。
第一步抓取关键词:embracing diversity,即本文的topic。
第二步划分意群:
A Chinese girl Cai Yujing delivered a wonderful speech on her graduation ceremony in the USA.
She talked about her hometown and family members as well as how she adapted to the new environment by embracing diversity.
Her speech has won a lot of praise online.
第三步取舍信息:意群②中关于家乡与亲人的介绍显然与写作要求无关,果断省略。
第四步组织语言:
平时多积累词汇短语,多做paraphrase练习。
筛选相关信息→用逻辑连词连接分句→用从句将并列句变为复合句→用非谓语动词代替从句。
三、最为关键的全文成篇的可分解为五个步骤:篇章结构→设计中心句→设计论点→选择词汇和短语→设计亮点句型。
第一步设计篇章结构:
Para1(开头—确立观点):Summary。
Para2(正文—论述证明):接纳与包容的重要性。
Para3(结尾—实例和建议):接纳与包容曾经帮助我走出了困境;在新环境中我们应该如何做到接纳与包容。
第二步设计中心句:
Para2:Whenever we enter a new environment, we must attach great importance to acceptance and tolerance.
Para3:Acceptance and tolerance once helped me fit into a new environment when I…
第三步生成观点。
接纳和包容的重要性可按以下两种思路来分析:一是提出至少两点对个人发展的益处;二也可以分对个人、对集体及对社会的益处三个方面来分析。按照题目中提供的材料,显然第一种思路更符合本话题,不必提及包容对集体或社会的好处。关于包容的好处可用观点有:①结交新朋友;②学习新的知识,体验新的文化风俗;③清除负面情绪,有益身心健康;④融入新的集体;⑤建立和谐的集体氛围,等等。关于如何做到接纳与包容可用观点有:①鼓起勇气;②打开心扉;③主动与他人交际;④积极参与集体活动。论点的设计一要合情合理,二要保证自己能够用英语表达出来。
第四步完篇。
在选择高级的词汇短语的同时要尽量避免错误,否则宁可用简单的词汇短语。
备用语料:
接纳与包容:acceptance and tolerance;
陌生环境:a new/ strange environment; an unfamiliar/ alien environment;
重视:attach importance to; lay emphasis on;
消除负面情绪,有益身心健康:rid us of negative feelings and benefit our mental and physical health;
第五步安插亮点句型。
如倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气、三大从句、非谓语动词等。
参考范文:
Cai yujing, a Chinese girl studying in America, delivered a brilliant graduation speech, focusing on how she had embraced diversity in a multicultural environment, which has won widespread praise online.
As we move forward on our life journey, we frequently enter totally strange environments when we move to a new neighborhood, transfer to another school or change our jobs. Under such circumstances, tolerance and acceptance are of extreme importance. For one thing, without them we might well lose our courage and withdraw from the new environment. For another thing, it’s tolerance and acceptance that help us open up our minds and absorb brand new knowledge and experience.
When I entered this high school, I was filled with nervousness and confusion. However, I gathered my courage to approach my new classmates and teachers. Gradually, I made friends with most of them and adapted to the new surroundings. Moreover, I’ve learned to compromise when contradiction arises. In conclusion, only with acceptance and tolerance can we adjust to a new environment.