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企业经营的国际化已经不是一个新鲜的话题了,在20世纪70年代早期,瑞典的约汉森(Jahanson)和瓦德协姆·保罗(Wiedersheim Paul)就提出了国际化经营发展模式的渐进理论,该理论认为,从国内经营到国外经营是一个从被动到主动,从量变到质变的长期演变过程。如目标市场选择的渐进性,表现为大多数企业市场的扩大都是遵循“由近及远,先熟悉后陌生”的路线。跨国经营方式的渐进性,表现为绝大多数企业都是采取“先易后难,逐步升级”的策略,经营方式演变的最常见类型是:纯国内经营→通过中间商间接出口→企业直接出口→设立海外销售分部→设立海外分公司跨国生产。
The internationalization of business operations is no longer a new topic. In the early 1970s, Sweden’s Jahanson and Wiedersheim Paul proposed the progressive theory of international business development model. This theory believes that from domestic operations to foreign operations, it is a long-term evolution from passive to active, from quantitative to qualitative change. Such as the gradual selection of the target market, the performance of the expansion of most of the corporate market is to follow the “from near and far, first familiar with the unfamiliar ” line. The gradual nature of transnational business operations is reflected in the fact that the vast majority of companies adopt the “easy-to-failure, gradual upgrade” strategy. The most common types of business management evolution are: pure domestic operations → indirect exports through middlemen → companies Direct Export → Establishing an Overseas Sales Division → Establishing Overseas Branches to Transnational Production.