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【目的】揭示云南热带农村户用沼气池中的原核生物(细菌和古菌)的群落结构特征。【方法】采用16S r RNA基因克隆文库技术对云南(北)热带代表性气候区的户用沼气池中的原核生物(细菌和古菌)多样性进行研究。【结果】得到细菌330条有效序列,划分为108个OTUs,文库覆盖度为81.5%;古菌有效序列185条,划分为17个OTUs,文库覆盖度为97.8%。通过Gen Bank数据库进行相似性比对与系统发育分析,结果表明:大部分细菌为未知细菌(Unclassified bacteria,占24.19%),优势细菌类群归属拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,占23.58%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,占21.46%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,占13.91%)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria,占8.74%);古菌主要的优势类群为乙酸盐营养型的甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)的鬃毛甲烷菌属(Methanosaeta,占76.75%);此外还检测到少量未培养的泉古菌门细菌(Crenarchaeota,占9.19%)。【结论】云南(北)热带代表性气候区的农村户用沼气池中的微生物种类十分丰富,不同微生物种类的丰度存在明显差异,并存在明显优势种群,且细菌比古菌具有更丰富的多样性。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to reveal the community structure of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) in domestic digesters in tropical rural areas of Yunnan. 【Method】 The diversity of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) in household biogas digesters in the tropical representative climate zone of Yunnan (North) was studied by 16S rRNA gene cloning library. 【Result】 The results showed that 330 effective bacterial strains were divided into 108 OTUs with a coverage of 81.5%. There were 185 valid sequences of archaea, which were divided into 17 OTUs and the coverage of the library was 97.8%. The similarity analysis and phylogenetic analysis of GenBank databases showed that most of the bacteria were Unclassified bacteria (24.19%), the dominant bacteria belonged to Bacteroidetes (23.58%), Chloroflexi (accounting for 21.46%), Firmicutes (accounting for 13.91%) and Proteobacteria (accounting for 8.74%). The main dominant group of archaea is the acetate-nutrient Methanococcus spp. (Methanosaeta, accounting for 76.75%) of Methanosarcinales. In addition, a small amount of uncultured Crenarchaeota (9.19%) was also detected. 【Conclusion】 The microbiological species in rural household biogas digesters in the tropical representative climate region of Yunnan (North) are very rich. There are obvious differences in the abundance of different microbial species, and there are obvious dominant populations, and the bacteria are more abundant than the archaea Diversity.