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每当考试有效地衡量着那认为应该衡量的东西而非他物时,考试才算有效。考试的有效性是相对的。对考试有效性的估价,首先要看人们确定什么样的考试目的。然而,首先就可能出现考试的目的含糊不清或确定不当的问题。比如,法国中学毕业统考就是这样。法国中学毕业统考是一种综合性考试,它既是中学教育的毕业检验,同时又确定应考者可否获得大学入学资格。因而,中学毕业统考的双重目的,很可能有一个甚难达到。
The exam is valid whenever the exam effectively measures what it thinks should be measured, not something else. The effectiveness of the exam is relative. Valuation of the effectiveness of the exam, we must first look at what kind of people to determine the purpose of the exam. However, first of all, the purpose of the exam may be ambiguous or improperly identified. For example, the French high school graduation exam is like this. French high school graduation test is a comprehensive examination, which is both the graduation test of secondary education, but also determine whether applicants can get university admission. Thus, the dual purpose of secondary school examinations is likely to have a very difficult to achieve.