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牛顿第一定律和牛顿第二定律仅适用于相对于地面静止或做匀速直线运动的惯性参考系,而对于具有加速度的非惯性参考系,要想使用牛顿运动定律来处理问题,就显得较为复杂.此时,若能恰当地引入惯性力的概念,则可使问题得以简化.一、惯性力的概念如图1(1)所示,在汽车顶部用细线悬挂一质量为m的小球,当汽车静止时,小球在竖直方向上保持静止.当汽车以水平向右的加速度a向右加速时,细线与竖直方向成θ角.此时,若选地面为参考系,小球在重力mg和绳子拉力T的合力作用下,
Newton’s first law and Newton’s second law apply only to inertial reference systems that are stationary or uniform linear motion with respect to the ground, whereas for non-inertial reference systems with acceleration, it is more complicated to deal with problems using Newton’s law of motion At this point, if the concept of inertial force can be properly introduced, the problem can be simplified.First, the concept of inertial force As shown in Figure 1 (1), the top of the car with a thin line m suspension mass , When the car is stationary, the ball remains stationary in the vertical direction.When the car accelerates to the right with a horizontal acceleration a, the thin line forms an angle θ with the vertical.At this point, if the ground is selected as the reference frame, Ball in the gravity of the rope and pull force T mg T together,