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近年来酒精中毒已列为一种疾病,并已载入教科书。酗酒在国外比较突出,美国每年有1,200万酗酒者,死亡5万～20万,耗资400～600亿。国内酗酒者亦渐见普遍,因此麻醉医师接触这类病人的机会也随之增多,有必要对酒精中毒的有关问题进行复习。一、药理:酒精在消化道以小肠吸收最多,吸收率随饮料种类、酒精浓度、pH、佐食等而不同。少量由呼吸、尿液及汗腺排泄,大部份通过肝脏氧化代谢,主要靠乙醇脱氢酶进行清除。平均清除率为100mg/kg/h,即70kg
In recent years alcoholism has been classified as a disease and has been included in textbooks. Alcohol abuse is more prominent in foreign countries. In the United States, there are 12 million heavy drinkers each year, 50,000 to 200,000 dead and 400 to 60 billion people spent. Domestic alcohol abusers are also becoming more prevalent. Therefore, the opportunities for anesthesiologists to contact such patients also increase. It is necessary to review the related issues of alcoholism. First, pharmacology: alcohol in the digestive tract up to the absorption of the small intestine, absorption rate with the type of drink, alcohol concentration, pH, Zuo Shi and so on different. A small amount of excretion by the respiratory, urinary and sweat glands, most of the oxidative metabolism through the liver, mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase to remove. The average clearance was 100 mg / kg / h, ie 70 kg