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季铵盐类化合物的传统合成方法大多采用卤代烷如氯甲烷、溴甲烷及硫酸二甲酯等作为烷基化试剂。这些传统的烷基化试剂具有一定的毒性和腐蚀性,而且反应过程中用量大,存在环境污染问题,且产品中会有一定程度的毒性残留,用于日用化学品中,会对人体造成伤害。寻找毒性低、绿色、安全的烷基化试剂,成为季铵盐类化合物绿色合成工艺研究中亟待解决的问题。该文讨论了用绿色化工原料碳酸二甲酯作为新型的甲基化试剂,代替传统的烷基化试剂,合成具有新型反离子季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂的可行性及优势。
The traditional synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds mostly using alkyl halides such as methyl chloride, methyl bromide and dimethyl sulfate as the alkylating agent. These traditional alkylating agents have some toxicity and corrosiveness, and the amount of the reaction process is large, there are environmental pollution problems, and the product will have a certain degree of toxicity residues, used in daily chemicals, will cause to the human body hurt. The search for alkylating agents with low toxicity, greenness and safety has become an urgent problem to be solved in the research of green synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts. This article discusses the feasibility and advantages of synthesizing novel quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants with the green chemical raw material dimethyl carbonate as a novel methylation reagent instead of the traditional alkylation reagent.