论文部分内容阅读
烷基具有双重诱导效应，它可因电负性大于氢而吸电，也可受极化而供电。本文根据许多实验数据指出，当官能团存在重健体系或电负性大于３或极化度大于６时都可能诱导烷基极化供电。所以烷基在烯、炔、醛酮、羧酸及卤代烃中以供电效应影响反应的进行。当醇作为酸时，烷基表现为吸电效应；当醇、胺作为碱时，烷基表现为供电效应。本文并从溶剂化角度对醇、胺的酸碱性表现为偏离烷基电子效应的原因作了探讨。
Alkyl has a dual induction effect, it can be due to electronegativity greater than hydrogen and electricity, but also by polarization and power supply. Based on a number of experimental data, this article suggests that alkyl radicalization may be induced when heavy functional groups are present or electronegativity greater than 3 or greater than 6. Therefore, the alkyl in the ene, alkyne, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids and halogenated hydrocarbons in the power effect of the reaction. When alcohol is used as acid, alkyl behaves as an absorption effect. When alcohols and amines are used as a base, the alkyl groups show a power supply effect. In this paper, the reasons why the acidity and basicity of alcohols and amines appear to deviate from the alkyl electronic effect are discussed from the viewpoint of solvation.