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本文介绍用扫描电镜能谱及离子探针等仪器分析车轴钢的发纹成份。研究结果表明,车轴发纹是由漂浮在钢锭表层的外来非金属夹杂物经轧制变形(沿轴向伸长)而成。通过疲劳试验及断口分析,观察到夹杂物因取向不同对疲劳裂纹萌生的影晌也不同,从而得出纵向发纹及刻痕并不降低车轴疲劳寿命的结论。据此作者提出,可允许车轴存在少量的纵向发纹,但绝不允许横向发纹存在。
This article describes the use of scanning electron microscopy and ion-probe instruments such as the analysis of axle steel hairline composition. The results show that the axial pattern is composed of rolling non-metallic inclusions (elongated in the axial direction) floating on the ingot surface. Through the fatigue test and fracture analysis, it is observed that the inclusions have different effects on fatigue crack initiation due to different orientation, and the conclusion is drawn that longitudinal hairline and notch do not reduce the fatigue life of the axle. According to this, the authors suggest that a small amount of longitudinal hairline may be allowed on the axle but lateral hairline should not be allowed to exist.