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恩格斯在《自然辩证》中指出,数学是“辩证的辅助工具和表现形式”。初中数学课本从概念到方法,无不渗透辩证唯物主义的观点和方法,这就是说数学教学自始至终都应该坚持唯物辩证法的观点,用辩证唯物主义观点阐述教学内容,揭示数学中的辩证思维,逐步培养学生的辩证唯物主义思想和立场。数学是研究现实世界的空间形式及数量关系的科学。数学学科的特点是理论的抽象性、结论的确定性和应用的广泛性。新颁布的《数学课程标准》强调“要培养学生的科学态度和辩证唯物主义观点”。事实上,数学中充满着矛盾,如已知和未知,有限与无限,数与形,局部与整体,特殊与一般等等,一些重要的数学方法也充分体现辩证唯物主义思想,如待定系数法反映了已知与未知的矛盾转化;数学归纳法反映了人们从特殊到一般的认识规律;参数法是矛盾运动的产物。这就要求初中数学课不能单以传授知识培养能力为目的,还要培养学生辩证唯物主义的观点。下面谈谈我钻研教材的点滴体会与贯彻于教学的初步尝试。
Engels pointed out in “Dialectics of Nature” that mathematics is “a dialectical auxiliary tool and form of expression.” Junior high school mathematics textbooks from concept to method, all infiltrate the dialectical materialist point of view and method, which means that mathematics teaching from beginning to end should adhere to the materialist dialectical point of view, using dialectical materialism to explain the teaching content, revealing dialectical thinking in mathematics, and gradually nurture Students’ dialectical materialism and position. Mathematics is a science that studies the spatial form and quantity of the real world. Mathematical disciplines are characterized by theoretical abstraction, the conclusion of the certainty and the wide range of applications. The newly promulgated “Mathematics Curriculum Standard” emphasizes “to cultivate students’ scientific attitude and dialectical materialism.” In fact, mathematics is full of contradictions, such as known and unknown, finite and infinite, number and form, local and global, special and general, etc. Some important mathematical methods also fully reflect the dialectical materialism, such as undetermined coefficient method Reflects the contradiction between known and unknown transformation; mathematical induction reflects the people from special to general understanding of the law; parametric law is the product of contradictory movements. This requires junior high school math class can not only to impart knowledge to cultivate ability for the purpose, but also to cultivate students dialectical materialism point of view. Here to talk about my bit by bit teaching materials experience and implement the initial attempt in teaching.