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“我们为什么要保护动物?”对此,现代环境伦理学提供了四种伦理思考:其一,审慎理论。保护动物对人类有利;其二,仁慈理论。对动物麻木不仁和残酷成性是人性发育不完整和有欠缺的表现;其三,动物解放论。能够感受苦乐是拥有利益和获得关怀的充分条件,动物拥有感觉能力,人类需要从道德上关怀动物;其四,动物权利论。动物拥有权利,人类不能仅仅将它们当作工具。《动物权利论争》的两位作者——汤姆·雷根(Tom Regan)和卡尔·科亨(Carl Cohen)——争论的便是第四种理论:动物权利论。全书分为四部分。第一部分,雷根阐述了为什么动物拥有权利和捍卫动物权利的理由;第二部分,科亨提出了动物并不拥有权利和为什么不能认同动物拥有权
“Why do we want to protect animals?” In this regard, modern environmental ethics provides four ethical thinking: First, prudent theory. Protection of animals is beneficial to mankind; Second, benevolence theory. The insensitivity and brutality of animals are manifestations of the incompleteness and lack of human development. Third, the theory of animal emancipation. Being able to feel pain and happiness is a sufficient condition for having interests and obtaining care. Animals have the ability to feel and humans need moral care for animals. Fourth, animal rights theory. Animals have rights, and humans can not just use them as tools. The two authors of the “Animal Rights Debate”, Tom Regan and Carl Cohen, debated the fourth theory: animal rights theory. The book is divided into four parts. In the first part, Reagan explains the reasons why animals have rights and defends the rights of animals. In the second part, Cohen proposes that animals do not have the rights and why they can not agree with animal ownership