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目的评估重庆市窝沟封闭项目的干预效果,为有效预防儿童龋病提供依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,对重庆市干预组(2 321人)与对照组(2 025人)的12岁儿童进行自填式问卷调查与口腔健康检查。口腔健康检查由经统一培训的牙科医生采用一次性CPI探针进行,数据采用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。龋均比较采用独立样本t检验,正确刷牙率、龋患率、牙龈出血率与牙结石检出率比较采用χ~2检验。结果儿童正确刷牙率城市干预组(38.40%)略高于对照组(36.99%),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.44,P>0.05);而农村为干预组(12.76%)高于对照组(10.04%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.21,P<0.05)。城市干预组第一恒牙龋患率(14.23%)、恒牙龋患率(21.35%)均高于对照组(10.27%,11.06%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。农村儿童第一恒牙龋患率、恒牙龋患率均为对照组(37.69%,53.04%)高于干预组(22.08%,33.44%),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。城市干预组与对照组恒牙龋均分别为0.43与0.18,差异有统计学意义(t=6.69,P<0.01);农村干预组与对照组分别为0.83与1.64,差异有统计学意义(t=10.43,P<0.01)。结论儿童窝沟封闭项目对于预防龋病是有效的,但重点应关注农村儿童。
Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of the fissure sealant project in Chongqing and provide a basis for the effective prevention of dental caries in children. Methods A stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to conduct self-administered questionnaires and oral health examinations for 12-year-old children in Chongqing intervention group (2 321) and control group (2 025). Oral health examination by a unified training of dentists using a one-time CPI probe, the data using SPSS 19.0 for statistical analysis. Caries were compared with independent samples t test, correct brushing rate, caries rate, gum bleeding rate and the detection rate of calculus compared with χ ~ 2 test. Results The correct rate of brushing in children was significantly higher in the urban intervention group (38.40% vs 36.99%) than in the control group (χ ~ 2 = 0.44, P> 0.05) The control group (10.04%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 4.21, P <0.05). The first permanent tooth caries rate (14.23%) and the permanent tooth caries rate (21.35%) in the urban intervention group were higher than those in the control group (10.27%, 11.06%), the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence of caries in permanent children and permanent teeth in rural children were higher than those in control group (37.69%, 53.04%) than those in intervention group (22.08%, 33.44% respectively). The differences were statistically significant (P all <0.05). In the urban intervention group and the control group, the permanent caries were 0.43 and 0.18, respectively, with significant difference (t = 6.69, P <0.01); the rural intervention group and the control group were 0.83 and 1.64, respectively, with significant difference (t = 10.43, P <0.01). Conclusion The child pit and fissure sealant project is effective in preventing dental caries, but the focus should be on rural children.