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多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)是一种常见的以中枢神经系统白质脱髓鞘病变为特点的自身免疫性疾病。MS病变在空间上的多发性(即散在分布于中枢神经系统的多数病灶)及其在时间上的多发性(即病程中的缓解复发),构成了其临床经过及症状和体征的主要特点。西方人的MS以大脑、脑干病损为主(称为西方型MS),而日本和我国均发现脊髓和视神经受损害最常见(称为亚洲型MS)。随着神经电生理学、分子生物学等学科的飞速发展,近年来对两型MS的研究也日趋深入,现综述如下。
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by demyelinating lesions of the white matter of the central nervous system. MS lesions in the sporadic (ie scattered in the central nervous system most lesions) and its multiple in time (that is, the course of the recurrence of remission), constitute the main features of its clinical course and symptoms and signs. Westerners in the brain MS, mainly lesions of the brain stem (known as Western MS), while Japan and China were found in the spinal cord and optic nerve damage most commonly known (called Asian MS). With the rapid development of neural electrophysiology, molecular biology and other disciplines, the research on two-type MS has also been deepened in recent years, and are summarized as follows.