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目的：为探索视网膜色素上皮细胞失去黑素颗粒的机理。方法：取猪眼球，去除其视网膜神经部，用胰蛋白酶消化分离色素上皮细胞，体外培养。对培养3、5、7、9、11天的细胞固定，在显微镜下对黑素颗粒半定量分析。结果：培养5天时，细胞内黑素颗粒开始减少，细胞外出现黑素颗粒；7天时，黑素颗粒减少加剧，并见黑素颗粒从核周围向细胞周边聚集现象，细胞外出现大量颗粒；9、11天时，黑素颗粒大量减少，甚至完全丧失，不能分辨细胞轮廓使细胞失去典型的形态学特征。3、5、7、9、11天的细胞黑素颗粒半定量结果作Ridit分析，组间样品均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：①在培养过程中，黑素颗粒可在短期内大量丢失或完全丧失，细胞失去形态学特征，且没有恢复重新合成黑素颗粒的迹像；②颗粒的丧失可能是细胞主动外排黑素颗粒造成的。推测：细胞生活环境的改变，可能引起细胞表现型发生变化，导致细胞主动外排颗粒。
Objective: To explore the mechanism of retinal pigment epithelial cells losing melanin particles. Methods: Pig eyeball was taken, the retinal neurons were removed, and the pigment epithelial cells were separated by trypsinization and cultured in vitro. Cells were seeded on day 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 for culture and semi-quantitative analysis of melanin particles under a microscope. Results: When cultured for 5 days, the intramembranous melanin granules began to decrease and extra melanocytes appeared. On the 7th day, the melanin granule decreased exacerbated, and the melanin granules aggregated around the nucleus to the periphery of the cells and a large number of extracellular granules appeared. On day 9 and day 11, melanin particles were greatly reduced or even completely lost, failing to discern the outline of the cells, causing the cells to lose their typical morphological features. The results of Ridit analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the three groups on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th day. Conclusion: (1) In the process of culture, melanin granules can be lost or lost in a large amount in a short time, the cells lose the morphological characteristics, and there is no trace of the re-synthesis of melanin granules. (2) The loss of granules may be the active excretion of cells Su particles caused. Speculated that: changes in the living environment of cells, may cause changes in cell phenotype, resulting in cells actively efflux particles.