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[目的]探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和黄曲霉毒素（AF）与肝癌发生的关系。[方法]对562例HBsAg阳性的肝癌高危人群和719例HBsAg阴性的对照人群进行10年前瞻观察，同时采用抗AFM1高亲和力的单克隆抗体系统，以免疫浓缩和高压液相（HPLC）系列测定由25例肝癌和125例非肝癌对象组成的病例对照人群（1：5）尿中AFM1排出量。[结果]（1）HBsAg阳性组肝癌人年平均发生率为910．89／10万（46／5050），相对危险性（RR）为对照组24.24／10万（1／4126）的37.85倍。（2）HBsAg阳性者尿中AFM1≥5ng／L为52.6％叽（79／150），其中肝癌病人为80，00％（20／25），极显著地高于对照组的47．20％（59／125，P＜0．01）。[结论]HBV感染和AF暴露是肝癌发生的重要病因因素，两者有协同致肝癌作用。
[Objective] To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and aflatoxin (AF) and the occurrence of liver cancer. [Methods] A total of 562 HBsAg-positive HCC risk groups and 719 HBsAg-negative control populations were observed 10 years ago. Simultaneously, anti-AFM1 high-affinity monoclonal antibody system was used to perform immunoconcentration and high-pressure liquid (HPLC) series measurements. Incidence of AFM1 in the urine of the case control population (1:5) consisting of 25 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 125 non-hepatoma patients. [Results] (1) The average annual incidence of HCC in the HBsAg-positive group was 910.89/100000 (46/5050), and the relative risk (RR) was 37.85-fold higher in the control group than 24.24/lakh (1/4126). (2) HBsAg-positive patients had AFM1≥5ng/L in 52.6%(79/150) of urine, among which liver cancer patients accounted for 80,00% (20/25), which was extremely significantly higher than the control group (47.20%). 59/125, P < 0.01). [Conclusion] HBV infection and AF exposure are important etiological factors of liver cancer, and they have a synergistic effect on liver cancer.