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针对常见的复合材料孔隙问题,从机械夹杂形核理论与经典形核理论分析了孔隙的形成与影响机制,并通过具体实验对孔隙形貌、分布、大小进行了表征。结果表明:纤维浸润性差、蒸气分子的滞留及交联反应时的分子挥发是孔隙形成的主要原因;较低固化压力条件(0.0~0.2 MPa),对复合材料内部孔隙的消除作用不大,随固化压力提高,复合材料孔隙率及孔隙大小下降明显;孔隙率、孔隙大小与系统压力存在幂函数递减变化关系。
Aiming at the common pore problems of composite materials, the forming and influencing mechanism of the pores was analyzed from the mechanical inclusion nucleus theory and the classical nucleation theory. The pore morphology, distribution and size were characterized through experiments. The results showed that: the poor infiltration of fibers, the retention of vapor molecules and the molecular volatilization during the cross-linking reaction are the main reasons for the formation of pores. The lower curing pressure (0.0-0.2 MPa) has little effect on the elimination of pores in the composites. The curing pressure increases, the composite porosity and pore size decrease obviously, while the porosity, pore size and system pressure have a decreasing relationship with the power function.