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胆管癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，总体预后较差。根治性手术治疗是目前唯一可使早期胆管癌病人获得长期生存的策略。对于多数晚期胆管癌病人，系统治疗成为主要手段，但目前可用于治疗胆管癌的一线药物选择有限，疗效有限。近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂等免疫治疗策略利用宿主免疫系统进行有效的抗肿瘤反应，在多种实体肿瘤中取得令人鼓舞的结果。笔者回顾并总结免疫检查点抑制剂在治疗胆管癌中的研究进展。“,”Cholangiocarcinoma is a rarely malignant tumor with poor overall prognosis. Radical surgery is the only strategy to improve the long-term survival of patients with cholangio-carcinoma of early-stage. For most patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma, systematic treatment has become the main strategy. But the available first-line drugs for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma are limited and the curative effect is limited. In recent years, immunotherapy strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved encouraging results in a variety of solid tumors by using the host immune system to carry out effective anti-tumor responses. The authors summarize the research advances of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.