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世界在不断的进化过程中产生了人类,人类则在进化的过程中创立了教育。教育作为一种社会活动,从形式上可以分为社会教育、家庭教育和学校教育三大类,广泛地存在于人类的各种社会生活之中。英国著名的思想家、社会学家斯宾塞对人类社会活动的分类是这样的:“1.直接保全自己的活动;2.从获得生活必需品而间接保全自己的活动;3.目的在于抚养教育子女的活动;4.与维持正常社会政治关系有关的活动;5.在生活的闲暇时间满足爱好和感情的各种活动”〔1〕。无论社会教育、家庭教育还是学校教育,其实都客观地或明或暗地存在于斯宾塞所说的各种活动中。
The world has produced mankind in the process of constant evolution, and mankind has created education in the process of evolution. As a kind of social activity, education can be divided into three major categories: social education, family education and school education. It exists widely in all kinds of social life of mankind. Spencer, a well-known British thinker and sociologist, classifies human activities as follows: “1. Direct preservation of one’s own activities; 2. Indirect preservation of one’s activities from the acquisition of necessities of life; 3. The purpose of which is to support education Children’s activities; 4. And to maintain normal social and political relations related activities; 5. In the leisure time to meet the hobbies and feelings of various activities ”〔1〕. Regardless of social education, family education or school education, in fact, objectively or implicitly exist in Spencer said various activities.