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目的了解深圳市福田区企业职业病危害申报情况和职业病危害因素的变化趋势,以采取针对性的职业病防治措施,更好地开展基本职业卫生服务。方法将2006—2010年福田区企业职业病危害的申报资料录入Excel建立数据库,进行统计分析。结果福田区存在职业病危害因素企业数呈逐年减少趋势,申报的大中型企业构成比逐年减少,作坊式小型企业构成比逐年增加;不同经济类型企业中,有限责任公司构成比增加,其他类型企业构成比趋于减少;除电子、汽修、印刷行业外,其余行业企业构成比逐年下降;申报存在的三氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、铅、镉等职业病有害因素企业百分比逐年减少,而存在苯系物、正己烷、其他化学物质,粉尘,物理性职业病危害因素的企业百分比逐年增加。结论推进福田区基本职业卫生服务工作,保护劳动者职业健康,需要政府、职业卫生服务机构、企业等各方面的配合与落实,福田区职业病防治工作需根据辖区经济特点开展针对性的专项工作,促进企业主动进行职业病危害因素申报,并加强对小型企业职业病危害因素的检测,特别是加强对物理因素、粉尘的检测;对于其他化学物质,需重点了解其毒性及分类,以针对性地采取职业病防治控制措施。
Objective To understand the changes of occupational hazards and the risk factors of occupational diseases in Futian District, Shenzhen in order to take targeted prevention and treatment measures of occupational diseases and better carry out basic occupational health services. Methods The data of occupational hazards of enterprises in Futian District from 2006 to 2010 were entered into Excel to establish a database for statistical analysis. Results The number of enterprises with occupational hazards in Futian District decreased year by year with the proportion of large and medium-sized enterprises applying for declaration decreasing year by year and the composition ratio of small workshop-based enterprises increased year by year. Among the enterprises with different types of economy, the ratio of limited liability companies increased and that of other types of enterprises The ratio of enterprises in other industries dropped year by year except that in electronics, auto repair and printing industries. The percentage of enterprises reporting harmful factors of occupational diseases such as trichlorethylene, methylene chloride, lead and cadmium decreased year by year with the presence of benzene The percentages of enterprises that contain substances, hexane, other chemicals, dust and physical occupational hazards are increasing year by year. Conclusion To promote the basic occupational health services in Futian District and protect the occupational health of laborers requires the cooperation and implementation of government, occupational health service agencies and enterprises. The work of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in Futian District should carry out targeted and special work in accordance with the economic features of the jurisdiction. Promote enterprises to take the initiative to declare the hazards of occupational diseases, and strengthen the detection of occupational hazards in small businesses, in particular, to strengthen the detection of physical factors, dust; for other chemical substances, we must focus on understanding its toxicity and classification, in order to take occupational diseases Prevention and control measures.