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一、序言为何第二次世界大战后的日本经济能够得以发展?要回答这个问题并不容易。有人主张,在日本政府特别是以通产省为首的产业行政机关与产业界的紧密合作关系之下实行的产业政策是引导日本经济成功的主要原因。其极端主张就是见于美国商业部报告的“日本株式会社(股份公司)论”。但是,也有人主张,产业政策的作用是次要的,从根本上支撑日本经济高度增长的是通过竞争的市场机制的作用,是旺盛的企业家精神。日本有影响的经济学者支持后者的主张。
I. Preamble Why can Japan’s economy develop after the Second World War? To answer this question is not easy. Some people argue that the industrial policy implemented under the close cooperation between the Japanese government, especially the industrial executive agencies led by the MITI and the industry, is the main reason for Japan’s economic success. Its extreme claim is found in the U.S. Department of Commerce’s report on “Japan Co., Ltd.”. However, some people also argue that the role of industrial policy is secondary and that it fundamentally supports Japan’s economic growth through its role as a competitive market mechanism and a strong entrepreneurial spirit. Influential economists in Japan support the latter’s claim.