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Objective:To observe the effect of Brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with chemotherapy on the immune function of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:One hundred and fifty-six patients with NSCLC were randomly divided into treatment group (n=82) treated with Brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with GP regimen chemotherapy and control group (n=74) only with GP regimen chemotherapy. The cellular immunity (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+CD56+) and humoral immunity (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4) before and after chemotherapy were tested by lfow cytometry (FCM) and biochemical method, respectively. The inlfuences of two treatment methods on the immune function were compared, and clinical efifcacy was evaluated. Results:The remission rates (RRs) were respectively 40.3% and 36.5% in treatment group and control group, without statistical difference (P>0.05). Compared with chemotherapy before, the cellular immune function after chemotherapy decreased in control group (P<0.05),whereas the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and CD16+CD56+increased signiifcantly in treatment group (P<0.05 orP<0.01). After chemotherapy, the cellular immune function in treatment group was obviously superior to that in control group, whereas there was no statistical signiifcance by comparison to humoral immune indexes between two groups. Conclusion:With similar efifcacy to control group, Brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with GP regimen chemotherapy can improve the cellular immune function of patients with advanced NSCLC and protect the chemotherapy-induced cellular immune function from damage to a certain extent.