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目的编制中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷并进行信、效度评价,为开展学生预防近视工作提供测评工具。方法通过循证复习相关文献、专家咨询,构建包含57条项目的初始问卷。使用初始问卷对我国12个省市的47 951名中小学生进行问卷调查,使用两独立样本t检验、相关分析和因子分析等多种统计方法进行项目分析和信、效度评价。结果 “中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷”由一~三年级问卷(40个项目)、四~六年级问卷(43个项目)和初中问卷(43个项目)3份问卷组成,每份问卷包括10个维度;3份问卷的分半系数分别为0.847,0.874和0.863,Cronbachα系数分别为0.761,0.804和0.792;问卷具有较好的内容效度,探索性因子分析结果与理论构想基本一致。反应度分析结果显示,一年级、四年级及初一年级学生总问卷得分和高分项目选项数分别高于三年级、六年级及初三年级学生,差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论 “中小学生视力保健行为评定问卷”具有比较可靠的信度和效度,符合心理测量学要求,可用作中小学生预防近视工作的测评工具。
Objective To prepare primary and secondary school students’ eyesight health behavior assessment questionnaires and evaluate their validity and reliability so as to provide students with measures to prevent myopia. Methods Through the evidence-based review of relevant literature, expert advice, to build an initial questionnaire containing 57 items. 47 951 primary and middle school students in 12 provinces and cities in our country were surveyed by using the initial questionnaire. The project analysis, reliability and validity were carried out by using various statistical methods such as two independent samples t-test, correlation analysis and factor analysis. Results The Questionnaire for Primary and Secondary School Students’ Vision Care Behavior Assessment consisted of 3 questionnaires (40 items), 4 ~ 6th grade (43 items) and 3 junior high school questionnaires (43 items), each questionnaire Including 10 dimensions. The half-coefficients of three questionnaires were 0.847,0.874 and 0.863 respectively, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.761,0.804 and 0.792 respectively. The questionnaire had good content validity and the result of exploratory factor analysis was consistent with the theoretical conception. The results of the degree of responsivity analysis showed that the total questionnaire score and the number of high-grade item choices of students in grade one, grade four and grade one were higher than those in grade three, grade six and grade three, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion The questionnaire of visual health care behavior assessment of primary and secondary school students has more reliable reliability and validity, meets the requirements of psychometrics and can be used as a measure to prevent primary and secondary students from preventing myopia.