论文部分内容阅读
公共政策是在不同行动者之间的关联基础上形成的;这一形成过程以制度环境为背景,而且通常是跨机构、跨组织的。但是巴西学术界很少有研究详细分析政策活动(同时也是政治活动)的制度环境。我认为治理的概念可以填补这个空白。对治理的理解一直是多种多样的,而且在治理这一概念在拉美传播的过程中,存在不少令人迷惑的和混乱的理解。在本文中,基于巴西各地关于治理的争论以及国际学术界的有关研究,我提出了治理的分析性概念。这个概念超出了政府行为的范畴。我明确并考察了治理的各要素。本文首先批判性地讨论了流行于拉美和巴西的治理概念,指出了它们的问题。在此基础上,我提出了一个可操作的治理概念。之后我讨论了巴西城市政策中最重要的政治行动者。最后讨论了城市公共政策和治理。
Public policy is based on the association between different actors; this process is set in a context of the institutional environment and is often cross-institutional and inter-organizational. However, few academic research in Brazil studies the institutional environment for detailed analysis of policy activities (which are also political activities at the same time). I think the concept of governance can fill this gap. The understanding of governance has always been diverse and there are many confusing and confusing understandings in governing the concept of communication in Latin America. In this article, based on the controversy over governance in Brazil and related studies in international academia, I propose an analytical concept of governance. This concept goes beyond the scope of government action. I have made clear and examined all the elements of governance. This paper first critically discusses the concepts of governance that prevailed in Latin America and Brazil and points out their problems. On this basis, I proposed an operational concept of governance. Then I talked about the most important political actors in Brazilian city policy. Finally, we discuss urban public policies and governance.