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著名语言学家索绪尔提出了语言符号的任意性原则,指出语言符号的能指与所指之间是任意的,一个语言符号只是一串简单的声音,它的意义是与声音相对独立,任意的。并把任意性称作语言的第一原则。这一理论的提出在语言学界引起了强烈的反响。许多语言学界的学者,以许国璋先生为例,都从不同层面论证了语言的非任意性。能指和所指之间要受到社会性的制约。关于语言任意性与非任意性,学术界争论不休。那么,汉语到底是任意性的语言还是非任意性的语言呢?笔者认为汉语作为一种古老的语言,其字、词、语、句无不体现了中华民族特有的文化、智慧与哲学,是非任意的。本文从字、词、语、句四个方面论证了汉语的非任意性。
The famous linguist Saussure proposed the principle of arbitrariness of linguistic signs. He pointed out that the sign between sign and sign of linguistic signs is arbitrary. A linguistic sign is simply a series of simple sounds whose meaning is relatively independent from sound. Arbitrary. And the arbitrariness is the first principle of language. The proposition of this theory has aroused strong repercussions in linguistics. Many linguistic scholars, with Mr. Xu Guozhang as an example, have demonstrated the non-arbitrariness of language from different perspectives. There is social restriction between the signifier and the signifier. Arbitrary and non-arbitrary language, academics endless debate. So, is Chinese an arbitrary or non-arbitrary language? In my opinion, as an ancient language, Chinese, its words, words, expressions and sentences embody the unique culture, wisdom and philosophy of the Chinese nation, of. This article demonstrates Chinese non-arbitrariness from four aspects: word, word, language and sentence.