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青霉素是全世界最常用的药物之一,青霉素过敏是很有意义的临床问题。本文通过88篇文献复习回顾了近15年来这一问题的重要进展。自1949年青霉素致死首次报导以来,估计75％的药物过敏死亡为青霉素所致。对该药变态反应达1～10％,大约每十万次注射可发生10～40次,其中2次是致死性的。青霉素过敏从婴儿到老年皆可发生(以20—49岁最多),注射(最易)、口服、吸入乃至局部用药均能引起;患者不一定有青霉素既往接触史,也可能缺乏过去“过敏病”史;但随着与初次用药的间隔拉长,过敏反应有减少倾向,而且对青霉素曾过敏者,有85％再用药时并不过敏;说明青霉素的过敏性是暂时的。
Penicillin is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Penicillin allergy is a very significant clinical problem. This article reviews over 88 important developments in this issue over the past 15 years through a review of 88 articles. Since the first report of penicillin death in 1949, an estimated 75% of drug allergy deaths have been caused by penicillin. The drug allergy up to 1 to 10%, about every 100,000 injection can occur 10 to 40 times, of which 2 are fatal. Penicillin allergy can occur from infancy to old age (up to the age of 20-49), injection (easiest), oral, inhalation and even local drug use can cause; patients do not necessarily have history of exposure to penicillin, may also lack the past, "allergic diseases History; but with the interval between the initial drug lengthening, allergic reactions tend to reduce, but who have been allergic to penicillin, 85% and then re-medication is not allergic; that penicillin allergy is temporary.