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血管内皮细胞上存在介导内皮依赖性血管舒张反应的血管内皮细胞非神经性毒蕈碱样受体(M受体)。对血管内皮细胞非神经性M受体亚型的定性一直存在争议。多数药理实验结果显示血管舒张反应是M3受体介导的;另外M1,M2受体也在不同组织类型的血管上介导了血管舒张反应。基因敲除小鼠的结果显示,主动脉、冠状动脉上介导舒张反应的受体以M3亚型为主;脑动脉上以M5为主。药理实验发现,介导血管舒张效应的内皮细胞非神经性M受体具有相对的组织、器官选择性和动物种属差异,与神经性M受体药理学特性有差别。激活血管内皮细胞非神经性M受体可促使内皮细胞分泌多种血管活性因子,介导血管的舒张、维持血管的正常生理状态;同时还可促进组织型纤溶酶原激活物的生成,降低多种粘附分子的分泌,产生抗动脉粥样硬化和抗血栓形成的功能。与传统药物作用机制不同。
Vascular endothelial cells present non-neuronal muscarinic receptors (M receptors) on endothelial cells that mediate endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The characterization of non-neuronal M receptor subtypes of vascular endothelial cells has been controversial. Most pharmacological experiments show that vasorelaxation is mediated by M3 receptors; in addition, M1 and M2 receptors also mediate vasodilation in vessels of different tissue types. The results of knockout mice showed that the M3 subtype was predominant in the aorta and coronary artery, while M5 was predominant in the cerebral arteries. Pharmacological experiments found that endothelial cells mediate vasodilation effect of non-neuronal M receptor with relative tissue, organ selectivity and animal species differences, and neurological M receptor pharmacological differences. Activation of vascular endothelial non-neuronal M receptor can promote endothelial cells secrete a variety of vasoactive factors, mediate the vasodilatation and maintain the normal physiological state of blood vessels; also promote the formation of tissue-type plasminogen activator, reduce A variety of adhesion molecule secretion, resulting in anti-atherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic function. The mechanism of action with traditional medicine is different.