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针对目前河套灌区小麦/玉米间作同畦栽培情况下灌溉水浪费的突出问题,文中以当地常规的平畦灌溉方式作为对照,对小麦/玉米间作系统设计了小麦采用平畦灌溉,玉米采用垄沟灌溉的畦-沟分灌法,通过对比田间灌溉参数,灌水指标和水分利用效率来评价其灌溉节水效果。结果表明:畦-沟分灌优化了畦田灌溉参数,同平畦灌溉相比,小麦条带和玉米条带的单宽(沟)流量增大2-4倍,明显提高水流推进速率;水流推进曲线和水流消退曲线更加平行,优化了灌溉参数;小麦条带和玉米条带的灌水效率、灌溉均匀度分别提高30%、16%和26%、12%,水分利用效率从目前水平1.18kg/m3提高到1.66kg/m3,建议河套灌区在小麦/玉米间作的不同种植带打起地埂,根据不同作物对水分的需求进行合理的畦-沟分灌。
Aiming at the prominent problem of waste irrigation water under the condition of same cultivation between wheat and corn in Hetao Irrigation District, the paper uses the conventional flat irrigation method as a contrast to the wheat / corn intercropping system. The wheat is planted by plain irrigation and the furrow irrigation By the 畦 - ditch irrigation method, by comparing the field irrigation parameters, irrigation indicators and water use efficiency to evaluate the effect of irrigation and water conservation. The results showed that: 畦 - ditch irrigation optimized 畦 Tian irrigation parameters, compared with flat 畦 irrigation, wheat strips and corn strips with single-wide (ditch) flow increased 2-4 times, significantly improve the water flow rate; water flow The curve of the curve and the curve of the flow decay are more parallel, and the irrigation parameters are optimized. The irrigation efficiency and irrigation evenness of wheat strips and maize strips are increased by 30%, 16% and 26%, 12% respectively. The water use efficiency is 1.18kg / m3 to 1.66kg / m3. It is suggested that different planting belts in the wheat / corn intercropping system in Hetao Irrigation District should play a role in the development of land cover. According to the demand of different crops for water, reasonable irrigation should be carried out.