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Japan is facing its greatest crisis since the second world war, its prime minister, Naoto Kan, warned as the country struggled for a third day to avert a nuclear disaster following the massive earthquake and tsunami.
Police warn that the death toll could exceed 10,000 in Miyagi prefecture alone, and a UN agency reported that more than 1,600 people were confirmed dead. Most are thought to have drowned. “The earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear incident have been the biggest crisis Japan has encountered in the 65 years since the end of the Second World War,” Kan told news media. “We’re under scrutiny on whether we, the Japanese people, can overcome this crisis.”
The extent of this challenge was underscored by the news that the capital of the world’s third largest economy will see rolling threehour power cuts from Monday. Officials have ordered the measure because nuclear plant closures have drastically reduced the electricity supply. They warn that the blackouts(停电) could last for weeks. “We have to avoid at all costs a sudden power shortage whose scale could have devastating consequences for the economy and people’s lives,” Kan said.
Friday’s 9.0 magnitude earthquake, upgraded from 8.9, is the worst in Japan’s recorded history and the fifth strongest worldwide in the past century. It caused a tsunami 10 metres high in some places. As aftershocks continued to shake the coast, the Foreign Office urged Britons to avoid all nonessential travel to Tokyo and the northeast of Japan, while the US state department recommended that Americans stay away from Japan.
The Japanese meteorological agency warned that there was a 70% possibility of a magnitude 7 or greater tremor during the next three days. It lifted the tsunami warning, but cautioned that aftershocks（余震） could cause further waves. The agency also warned that a volcano in the south was erupting again after a fortnight without noticeable activity. Ash and rock spewed from the crater of Shinmoedake on Kyushu island, 950 miles from the epicenter（震中） of Friday’s tremor. There were no reports of injuries or damage.
Tokyo has doubled the number of troops in its rescue and relief team, but damage to roads and bridges has hampered efforts. “Rescue and relief operations are being hampered by continuous aftershocks, tsunami alerts and fires. Many areas along the northeast coast remain isolated and unreachable,” the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said in a statement.
It reported that at least 1,600 people were known to have died and 10,000 were missing. Almost 600,000 have been displaced, or evacuated, because of the earthquake and tsunami or radiation fears, it added.
Japan, overtaken by China last year as the world’s second largest economy, will require tens of billions of dollars for reconstruction. The 1995 Kobe earthquake is said to have been the most expensive natural disaster in history, causing more than ￡1bn damage. The country will also need to count the cost of industrial losses, with much of the northeast at a standstill.
（文章选自：http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/13/japantsunamiearthquakepowercuts）
原创试题
1. Which of the following did the most harm to Japan?
A. Friday’s 9.0 magnitude earthquake.
B. The tsunami after the earthquake.
C. An erupting volcano in the south.
D. Some unexpected aftershocks.
2. What can we learn from Naoto Kan’s words in the second paragraph?
A. He needs more money to save the Japanese people.
B. He wonders why the earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear incident are so strong.
C. He has great confidence in overcoming this crisis
D. He shows great concern about this crisis.
3. We can infer from the passage that .
A. Japan has never met 9.0 magnitude earthquake before.
B. The earthquake caused a tsunami 10 metres high in Miyagi prefecture.
C. There was a magnitude 7 tremor after the 9.0 magnitude earthquake.
D. a volcano in the south was erupting again after the earthquake.
4. The passage probably appears in a .
A. magazine
B. newspaper report
C. text book
D. science book
完美答案
1. B。细节判断题。可以从第二节开头两句话里得出答案：10000人死亡，绝大多数是淹死的，可知海啸引起的伤害最大。
2. D。推理判断题。根据第二段日本首相菅直人的话可以看出此次地震、海啸以及核危机是日本自二战以来最严重的危机，他不确定日本人民是否能顺利渡过这个危机，因此他非常忧虑与担心。
3. A。推理判断题。从第五段第一句话Friday’s 9.0 magnitude earthquake, upgraded from 8.9, is the worst in Japan’s recorded history可以推出答案。B选项发生的地点不是在宫城县；C选项中的7级余震只是可能发生而已；D选项是文中的事实，不是推断出来的。
4. B。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了日本地震、海啸以及所引起的核危机所带来的影响及结果，文中多次出现日本首相菅直人的话，由此可知本文最有可能节选自一篇新闻报道。
It is impossible to defeat an ignorant man in argument. (W. G. McAdoo)
素材观察
本文中有不少单词是《课程标准》和《考试说明》中列出的重点词汇，下面精选confirm, overcome, consequence, recommend, relief五个常考的单词及其拓展知识进行讲解。
confirm vt.
1. to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence(尤指提供证据来)证实;确定［+(that)］［+wh］。
Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
Has everyone confirmed (that) they’re coming?
他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？
2. to make somebody feel or believe something even more strongly 使感觉更强烈；使确信
The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。
3. to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish somebody/something firmly 批准（职位、协议等）；确认；认可。
After a sixmonth probationary period, her position was confirmed. 经过六个月的试用期后，她获准正式担任该职。
相关短语：
confirm by experience 为经验所证实
confirm sb in… 使某人在……方面更加坚定
confirm sb in the belief 使……坚信
confirm sb in the view 使……坚决认为
overcome vt.
1. to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem that has been preventing you from achieving sth 克服; 解决
She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
2. to defeat sb 战胜
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France. 在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
相关短语：
overcome difficulties（shortcomings, weaknesses） 克服困难（缺点,弱点）
overcome prejudices 消除成见
overcome by hunger 因饥饿而软弱无力
overcome with fatigue 疲乏得不得了
consequence n.
1. a result of sth that has happened结果,后果［C］
The tsunami that happened in Japan made disastrous consequences. 日本海啸造成了灾难性的后果。
I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.
我完全愿意承担后果。
2. (formal)importance 重大,重要(性)［U］［(+to)］
He is a man of great consequence.
他是一个很重要的人物。
相关短语：
as a consequence 因而，结果
in consequence 因此，结果
in consequence of ……的结果，因为……的缘故，由于
of consequence 有势力的，重要的
take the consequences 自食其果，承担责任
recommend vt.
1. to tell sb that sth is good or useful, or that sb would be suitable for a particular job, etc. 推荐；举荐；介绍
I recommend the book to all my students.
所有我的学生，我都向他们推荐这本书。
She was recommended for the post by a colleague. 她获得同事推荐到这个岗位。
2. to advise a particular course of action; to advise sb to do sth 建议,劝告
The report recommended a 10% pay increase.
报告提议工资增加 10%。
相关短语：
It is recommended that… 有人建议……
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人去做某事
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
辨析：
advocate vt.
to support or recommend sth publicly 拥护，公开支持，提倡
The group does not advocate the use os violence. 该团体不支持使用暴力。
urge vt.
to recommend sth strongly 指大力推荐，竭力主张
The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution. 局势岌岌可危，联合国力主谨慎。
relief n.
1. the feeling of happiness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen (不快过后的)宽慰，轻松；解脱
We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.
他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。
Much to my relief, the car was not damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
2. food, money, medicine, etc. that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster (给灾区或者交战地区人民提供的) 救济物品,救济金［U］
The local charity organization sent relief to the flood victims.
当地慈善组织将救济物资运送给遭受水灾灾民。
相关短语：
relief material 救济物资
relief work 救济工作
relief fund 救济资金
relief agency 救助机构
此外，同学们读完文章时应该了解地震产生的原因，带来的危害，我们该如何应对突如其来的海啸，以及核辐射时我们需要的注意事项等等。
Japan is facing its greatest crisis since the second world war, its prime minister, Naoto Kan, warned as the country struggled for a third day to avert a nuclear disaster following the massive earthquake and tsunami.
Police warn that the death toll could exceed 10,000 in Miyagi prefecture alone, and a UN agency reported that more than 1,600 people were confirmed dead. Most are thought to have drowned. “The earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear incident have been the biggest crisis Japan has encountered in the 65 years since the end of the Second World War,” Kan told news media. “We’re under scrutiny on whether we, the Japanese people, can overcome this crisis.”
The extent of this challenge was underscored by the news that the capital of the world’s third largest economy will see rolling threehour power cuts from Monday. Officials have ordered the measure because nuclear plant closures have drastically reduced the electricity supply. They warn that the blackouts(停电) could last for weeks. “We have to avoid at all costs a sudden power shortage whose scale could have devastating consequences for the economy and people’s lives,” Kan said.
Friday’s 9.0 magnitude earthquake, upgraded from 8.9, is the worst in Japan’s recorded history and the fifth strongest worldwide in the past century. It caused a tsunami 10 metres high in some places. As aftershocks continued to shake the coast, the Foreign Office urged Britons to avoid all nonessential travel to Tokyo and the northeast of Japan, while the US state department recommended that Americans stay away from Japan.
The Japanese meteorological agency warned that there was a 70% possibility of a magnitude 7 or greater tremor during the next three days. It lifted the tsunami warning, but cautioned that aftershocks（余震） could cause further waves. The agency also warned that a volcano in the south was erupting again after a fortnight without noticeable activity. Ash and rock spewed from the crater of Shinmoedake on Kyushu island, 950 miles from the epicenter（震中） of Friday’s tremor. There were no reports of injuries or damage.
Tokyo has doubled the number of troops in its rescue and relief team, but damage to roads and bridges has hampered efforts. “Rescue and relief operations are being hampered by continuous aftershocks, tsunami alerts and fires. Many areas along the northeast coast remain isolated and unreachable,” the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said in a statement.
It reported that at least 1,600 people were known to have died and 10,000 were missing. Almost 600,000 have been displaced, or evacuated, because of the earthquake and tsunami or radiation fears, it added.
Japan, overtaken by China last year as the world’s second largest economy, will require tens of billions of dollars for reconstruction. The 1995 Kobe earthquake is said to have been the most expensive natural disaster in history, causing more than ￡1bn damage. The country will also need to count the cost of industrial losses, with much of the northeast at a standstill.
（文章选自：http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/13/japantsunamiearthquakepowercuts）
原创试题
1. Which of the following did the most harm to Japan?
A. Friday’s 9.0 magnitude earthquake.
B. The tsunami after the earthquake.
C. An erupting volcano in the south.
D. Some unexpected aftershocks.
2. What can we learn from Naoto Kan’s words in the second paragraph?
A. He needs more money to save the Japanese people.
B. He wonders why the earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear incident are so strong.
C. He has great confidence in overcoming this crisis
D. He shows great concern about this crisis.
3. We can infer from the passage that .
A. Japan has never met 9.0 magnitude earthquake before.
B. The earthquake caused a tsunami 10 metres high in Miyagi prefecture.
C. There was a magnitude 7 tremor after the 9.0 magnitude earthquake.
D. a volcano in the south was erupting again after the earthquake.
4. The passage probably appears in a .
A. magazine
B. newspaper report
C. text book
D. science book
完美答案
1. B。细节判断题。可以从第二节开头两句话里得出答案：10000人死亡，绝大多数是淹死的，可知海啸引起的伤害最大。
2. D。推理判断题。根据第二段日本首相菅直人的话可以看出此次地震、海啸以及核危机是日本自二战以来最严重的危机，他不确定日本人民是否能顺利渡过这个危机，因此他非常忧虑与担心。
3. A。推理判断题。从第五段第一句话Friday’s 9.0 magnitude earthquake, upgraded from 8.9, is the worst in Japan’s recorded history可以推出答案。B选项发生的地点不是在宫城县；C选项中的7级余震只是可能发生而已；D选项是文中的事实，不是推断出来的。
4. B。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了日本地震、海啸以及所引起的核危机所带来的影响及结果，文中多次出现日本首相菅直人的话，由此可知本文最有可能节选自一篇新闻报道。
It is impossible to defeat an ignorant man in argument. (W. G. McAdoo)
素材观察
本文中有不少单词是《课程标准》和《考试说明》中列出的重点词汇，下面精选confirm, overcome, consequence, recommend, relief五个常考的单词及其拓展知识进行讲解。
confirm vt.
1. to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence(尤指提供证据来)证实;确定［+(that)］［+wh］。
Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
Has everyone confirmed (that) they’re coming?
他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？
2. to make somebody feel or believe something even more strongly 使感觉更强烈；使确信
The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。
3. to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish somebody/something firmly 批准（职位、协议等）；确认；认可。
After a sixmonth probationary period, her position was confirmed. 经过六个月的试用期后，她获准正式担任该职。
相关短语：
confirm by experience 为经验所证实
confirm sb in… 使某人在……方面更加坚定
confirm sb in the belief 使……坚信
confirm sb in the view 使……坚决认为
overcome vt.
1. to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem that has been preventing you from achieving sth 克服; 解决
She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。
2. to defeat sb 战胜
In the final game Sweden easily overcame France. 在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
相关短语：
overcome difficulties（shortcomings, weaknesses） 克服困难（缺点,弱点）
overcome prejudices 消除成见
overcome by hunger 因饥饿而软弱无力
overcome with fatigue 疲乏得不得了
consequence n.
1. a result of sth that has happened结果,后果［C］
The tsunami that happened in Japan made disastrous consequences. 日本海啸造成了灾难性的后果。
I’m quite willing to accept the consequences.
我完全愿意承担后果。
2. (formal)importance 重大,重要(性)［U］［(+to)］
He is a man of great consequence.
他是一个很重要的人物。
相关短语：
as a consequence 因而，结果
in consequence 因此，结果
in consequence of ……的结果，因为……的缘故，由于
of consequence 有势力的，重要的
take the consequences 自食其果，承担责任
recommend vt.
1. to tell sb that sth is good or useful, or that sb would be suitable for a particular job, etc. 推荐；举荐；介绍
I recommend the book to all my students.
所有我的学生，我都向他们推荐这本书。
She was recommended for the post by a colleague. 她获得同事推荐到这个岗位。
2. to advise a particular course of action; to advise sb to do sth 建议,劝告
The report recommended a 10% pay increase.
报告提议工资增加 10%。
相关短语：
It is recommended that… 有人建议……
recommend sb to do sth 建议某人去做某事
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
辨析：
advocate vt.
to support or recommend sth publicly 拥护，公开支持，提倡
The group does not advocate the use os violence. 该团体不支持使用暴力。
urge vt.
to recommend sth strongly 指大力推荐，竭力主张
The situation is dangerous and the UN is urging caution. 局势岌岌可危，联合国力主谨慎。
relief n.
1. the feeling of happiness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen (不快过后的)宽慰，轻松；解脱
We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.
他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。
Much to my relief, the car was not damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是车并没有损坏。
2. food, money, medicine, etc. that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster (给灾区或者交战地区人民提供的) 救济物品,救济金［U］
The local charity organization sent relief to the flood victims.
当地慈善组织将救济物资运送给遭受水灾灾民。
相关短语：
relief material 救济物资
relief work 救济工作
relief fund 救济资金
relief agency 救助机构
此外，同学们读完文章时应该了解地震产生的原因，带来的危害，我们该如何应对突如其来的海啸，以及核辐射时我们需要的注意事项等等。