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锗是一种稀散金属元素,土壤中平均含量约0.2ppm,在煤、锡及锌等有色金属矿中常伴有一定量的锗,是当今工业锗的主要来源。五十年代锗曾是半导体、晶体管的主要材料,后因大规模使用廉价的单晶硅,锗在这方面的应用已不主要。锗容易生成有机化合物。自1887年 Winkler合成第一个有机锗化合物——四乙基锗以来,已相继合成了众多有机锗化合物。
Germanium is a rare-earth metal with an average content of about 0.2 ppm in the soil. It is often accompanied by a certain amount of germanium in non-ferrous metals such as coal, tin and zinc and is the main source of industrial germanium today. In the 1950s, germanium was used as the main material of semiconductors and transistors. However, due to the large-scale use of low-cost monocrystalline silicon, the application of germanium in this area was not significant. Germanium easily generates organic compounds. Since 1887, Winkler synthesizes the first organic germanium compound, tetraethylgermanium, many organic germanium compounds have been successively synthesized.