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在大量生产的机械行业,特别是汽车行业和标准件行业中,易切削钢的用量是很大的。我们在这里介绍一种新的易切削钢种——钙易切削钢。钙易切削钢是六十年代发展起来的一个新钢种。西德和日本对此钢种进行了较多的研究。这种钢在冶炼时不必添加易切削元素,只是在钢水中加入钙合金来脱氧,从而使钢中包含了一种C_aO—SiO_2—Al_2O_3夹杂物。它提高刀具寿命的机理与一般易切削钢不同。在一定切削条件下,夹杂物会附着于刀具刃面上而生成一层厚度小于10微米的凝结层。这个凝结层既能保护刀具免于磨损,又能减轻切屑与刃面间的摩擦力,并有利于切削热的扩散。这个钢种的出现为易切削钢的发展以及改善结构钢的切削性能开辟了一条新的途径。
In the mass production of machinery industry, especially in the automotive industry and standard parts industry, the amount of free-cutting steel is very large. Here we introduce a new cutting steel - calcium free cutting steel. Calcium free cutting steel was developed in the sixties a new type of steel. West Germany and Japan conducted more research on this steel. The steel in the smelting do not have to add cutting elements, but added to the molten steel calcium alloy deoxidation, so that the steel contains a C_aO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 inclusions. Its mechanism to improve tool life is different from normal free-cutting steel. Under certain cutting conditions, the inclusions will be attached to the blade surface to generate a layer of less than 10 microns thick coagulation layer. This layer of condensation not only protects the tool from wear, but also reduces the friction between the chip and the blade surface, and is conducive to cutting heat spread. The appearance of this kind of steel has opened up a new way for the development of free cutting steel and the improvement of the cutting performance of structural steel.