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党的十八届三中全会提出,市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。只有让市场发挥主导作用,市场经济才可以蓬勃稳定地发展。但同时我们应当看到,市场自身亦存在弊端,例如信息不对称、垄断及外在性等顽疾经常导致市场失灵。而其中的信息不对称问题会导致产生大量的交易成本,比如说信息的搜寻以及传播,不利于资源的有效配置。新古典经济学对于市场交易能够实现资源最优配置的假设之一就是信息是完全对称的,为所有人所共享
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed that the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources. Only by letting the market play a leading role can the market economy develop vigorously and steadily. But at the same time, we should see that there are drawbacks to the market itself. For example, ill-posed information such as information asymmetry, monopoly and externalities often lead to market failures. The problem of asymmetric information leads to a large transaction cost, for example, the search and dissemination of information is not conducive to the effective allocation of resources. Neoclassical Economics One of the assumptions that enable optimal allocation of resources to market transactions is that information is perfectly symmetrical and shared by all